Reflections on post hoc theorization of ICT4D action research projects

Action research is thought to be a useful methodology for knowledge creation in ICT4D research. Researchers applying this methodology may use post hoc theorization, that is, applying theoretical lenses to make sense of the out-comes of the action research interventions after the research is done. In this paper we compare two alternative approaches to the process of post hoc theorizing using a case study of an action research project based in Africa that focuses on developing robust research infrastructures for open science. We employ both actor-network theory concepts used in ICT4D research on large scale infrastructure projects and Activity Theory concepts for the analysis. Separately and complementarily, they are found to offer the potential to theorize the case study’s “theory of change” and approach to action research.