The XENONnT dark matter experiment

Abstract

The multi-staged XENON program at INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso aims to detect dark matter with two-phase liquid xenon time projection chambers of increasing size and sensitivity. The XENONnT experiment is the latest detector in the program, planned to be an upgrade of its predecessor XENON1T. It features an active target of 5.9 tonnes of cryogenic liquid xenon (8.5 tonnes total mass in cryostat). The experiment is expected to extend the sensitivity to WIMP dark matter by more than an order of magnitude compared to XENON1T, thanks to the larger active mass and the significantly reduced background, improved by novel systems such as a radon removal plant and a neutron veto. This article describes the XENONnT experiment and its sub-systems in detail and reports on the detector performance during the first science run.

Metadata

Item Type:	Article
Authors/Creators:	Aprile, E. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6595-7098 Aalbers, J. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0030-0030 Abe, K. https://orcid.org/0009-0000-9620-788X Ahmed Maouloud, S. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0844-4576 Althueser, L. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5468-4298 Andrieu, B. https://orcid.org/0009-0002-6485-4163 Angelino, E. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6695-4355 Angevaare, J.R. Antochi, V.C. Antón Martin, D. Arneodo, F. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1061-0510 Balata, M. Baudis, L. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4710-1768 Baxter, A.L. Bazyk, M. https://orcid.org/0009-0000-7986-153X Bellagamba, L. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7098-9393 Biondi, R. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6622-8740 Bismark, A. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0574-4303 Brookes, E.J. Brown, A. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1623-8086 Bruenner, S. Bruno, G. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9005-2821 Budnik, R. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1963-9408 Bui, T.K. Cai, C. Cardoso, J.M.R. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8832-8208 Cassese, F. Chiarini, A. Cichon, D. Cimental Chavez, A.P. Colijn, A.P. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3118-5197 Conrad, J. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9984-4411 Corrieri, R. Cuenca-García, J.J. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3869-7398 Cussonneau, J.P. Dadoun, O. D’Andrea, V. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2037-4133 Decowski, M.P. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1577-6229 De Fazio, B. Gangi, P.D. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4982-3748 Diglio, S. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9340-0534 Disdier, J.M. Douillet, D. Eitel, K. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5900-0599 Elykov, A. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2693-232X Farrell, S. Ferella, A.D. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6006-9160 Ferrari, C. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0838-2328 Fischer, H. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9342-7665 Flierman, M. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3785-7871 Form, S. Front, D. Fulgione, W. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2388-3809 Fuselli, C. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7517-8618 Gaemers, P. https://orcid.org/0009-0003-1108-1619 Gaior, R. https://orcid.org/0009-0005-2488-5856 Rosso, A.G. Galloway, M. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8323-9564 Gao, F. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1376-677X Gardner, R. Garroum, N. Glade-Beucke, R. https://orcid.org/0009-0006-5455-2232 Grandi, L. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0771-7568 Grigat, J. https://orcid.org/0009-0005-4775-0196 Guan, H. https://orcid.org/0009-0006-5049-0812 Guerzoni, M. Guida, M. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5126-0337 Hammann, R. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6149-9413 Higuera, A. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9310-2994 Hils, C. Hoetzsch, L. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2572-477X Hood, N.F. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2507-7656 Howlett, J. Huhmann, C. Iacovacci, M. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3102-4721 Iaquaniello, G. Iven, L. Itow, Y. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8198-1968 Jakob, J. https://orcid.org/0009-0000-2220-1418 Joerg, F. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1719-3294 Joy, A. Kara, M. https://orcid.org/0009-0004-5080-9446 Kavrigin, P. https://orcid.org/0009-0000-1339-2419 Kazama, S. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6976-3693 Kobayashi, M. https://orcid.org/0009-0006-7861-1284 Koltman, G. Kopec, A. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6548-0963 Kuger, F. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9475-3916 Landsman, H. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7570-5238 Lang, R.F. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7594-2746 Levinson, L. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4679-0485 Li, I. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6655-3685 Li, S. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0379-1111 Liang, S. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0116-654X Lindemann, S. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4501-7231 Lindner, M. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3704-6016 Liu, K. https://orcid.org/0009-0004-1437-5716 Loizeau, J. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6375-9768 Lombardi, F. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0229-4391 Long, J. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5617-7337 Lopes, J.A.M. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6366-2963 Ma, Y. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5227-675X Macolino, C. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2517-6574 Mahlstedt, J. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8514-2037 Mancuso, A. https://orcid.org/0009-0002-2018-6095 Manenti, L. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7590-0175 Marignetti, F. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8776-4561 Marrodán Undagoitia, T. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9332-6074 Martella, P. Martens, K. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5049-3339 Masbou, J. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8089-8639 Masson, D. Masson, E. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5628-8926 Mastroianni, S. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9467-0851 Mele, E. Messina, M. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6475-7649 Michinelli, R. Miuchi, K. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1546-7370 Molinario, A. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5379-7290 Moriyama, S. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7630-2839 Morå, K. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2011-1889 Mosbacher, Y. Murra, M. https://orcid.org/0009-0008-2608-4472 Müller, J. https://orcid.org/0009-0007-4572-6146 Ni, K. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2566-0091 Nisi, S. Oberlack, U. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8160-5498 Orlandi, D. Othegraven, R. Paetsch, B. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5025-3976 Palacio, J. Parlati, S. Paschos, P. Pellegrini, Q. https://orcid.org/0009-0002-8692-6367 Peres, R. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5243-2268 Peters, C. Pienaar, J. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5830-5454 Pierre, M. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9714-4929 Plante, G. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4381-674X Pollmann, T.R. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1249-6213 Qi, J. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0078-0417 Qin, J. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8228-8949 García, D.R. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-2697 Rynge, M. Shi, J. Singh, R. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9564-7795 Sanchez, L. https://orcid.org/0009-0000-4564-4705 Santos, J.M.F.D. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8841-6523 Sarnoff, I. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4914-4991 Sartorelli, G. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1910-5948 Schreiner, J. Schulte, D. Schulte, P. https://orcid.org/0009-0008-9029-3092 Schulze Eißing, H. Schumann, M. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5036-1256 Scotto Lavina, L. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3483-8800 Selvi, M. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0243-0840 Semeria, F. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4328-6454 Shagin, P. https://orcid.org/0009-0003-2423-4311 Shi, S. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2445-6681 Shockley, E. Silva, M. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1554-9579 Simgen, H. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3074-0395 Stephen, J. Stern, M. Stillwell, B.K. Takeda, A. https://orcid.org/0009-0003-6003-072X Tan, P.-L. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5743-2520 Tatananni, D. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9052-9703 Terliuk, A. Thers, D. Toschi, F. https://orcid.org/0009-0007-8336-9207 Trinchero, G. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0866-6379 Tunnell, C. Tönnies, F. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2287-5815 Valerius, K. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7964-974X Volta, G. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7351-1459 Weinheimer, C. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4083-9068 Weiss, M. https://orcid.org/0009-0005-3996-3474 Wenz, D. https://orcid.org/0009-0004-5242-3571 Westermann, J. Wittweg, C. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8494-740X Wolf, T. Wu, V.H.S. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8111-1532 Xing, Y. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1866-5188 Xu, D. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7361-9195 Xu, Z. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6720-3094 Yamashita, M. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9811-1929 Yang, L. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5272-050X Ye, J. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6127-2582 Yuan, L. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0024-8017 Zavattini, G. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6089-7185 Zhong, M. https://orcid.org/0009-0004-2968-6357 Zhu, T.
Copyright, Publisher and Additional Information:	© The Author(s) 2024. This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
Keywords:	XENON Collaboration
Dates:	Published: 7 August 2024 Published (online): 7 August 2024 Accepted: 3 June 2024
Institution:	The University of Sheffield
Academic Units:	The University of Sheffield > Faculty of Science (Sheffield) > School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences
Depositing User:	Symplectic Sheffield
Date Deposited:	16 Oct 2024 13:39
Last Modified:	16 Oct 2024 13:39
Published Version:	http://dx.doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-024-12982-5
Status:	Published
Publisher:	Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Refereed:	Yes
Identification Number:	10.1140/epjc/s10052-024-12982-5
Related URLs:	PubMed URL
Open Archives Initiative ID (OAI ID):	oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:218480

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The XENONnT dark matter experiment

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