New methods and simulations for cosmogenic induced spallation removal in Super-Kamiokande-IV

Abstract

<jats:p>Radioactivity induced by cosmic muon spallation is a dominant source of backgrounds for <a:math xmlns:a="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><a:mrow><a:mi mathvariant="script">O</a:mi><a:mo stretchy="false">(</a:mo><a:mn>10</a:mn><a:mtext> </a:mtext><a:mtext> </a:mtext><a:mi>MeV</a:mi><a:mo stretchy="false">)</a:mo></a:mrow></a:math> neutrino interactions in water Cherenkov detectors. In particular, it is crucial to reduce backgrounds to measure the solar neutrino spectrum and find neutrino interactions from distant supernovae. In this paper we introduce new techniques to locate muon-induced hadronic showers and efficiently reject spallation backgrounds. Applying these techniques to the solar neutrino analysis with an exposure of <f:math xmlns:f="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><f:mn>2790</f:mn><f:mo>×</f:mo><f:mn>22.5</f:mn><f:mtext> </f:mtext><f:mtext> </f:mtext><f:mi>kton</f:mi><f:mo>·</f:mo><f:mi>day</f:mi></f:math> increases the signal efficiency by 12.6%, approximately corresponding to an additional year of detector running. Furthermore, we present the first spallation simulation at Super-Kamiokande, where we model hadronic interactions using . The agreement between the isotope yields and shower pattern in this simulation and in the data gives confidence in the accuracy of this simulation, and thus opens the door to use it to optimize muon spallation removal in new data with gadolinium-enhanced neutron capture detection.</jats:p> <jats:sec> <jats:title/> <jats:supplementary-material> <jats:permissions> <jats:copyright-statement>Published by the American Physical Society</jats:copyright-statement> <jats:copyright-year>2024</jats:copyright-year> </jats:permissions> </jats:supplementary-material> </jats:sec>

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Item Type:	Article
Authors/Creators:	Locke, S. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9400-5977 Coffani, A. Abe, K. Bronner, C. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9555-6033 Hayato, Y. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8683-5038 Ikeda, M. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4177-5828 Imaizumi, S. Ito, H. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1029-5730 Kameda, J. Kataoka, Y. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9090-4801 Miura, M. Moriyama, S. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7630-2839 Nagao, Y. Nakahata, M. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7783-9080 Nakajima, Y. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2744-5216 Nakayama, S. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9145-714X Okada, T. Okamoto, K. Orii, A. Pronost, G. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6429-5387 Sekiya, H. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9034-0436 Shiozawa, M. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0520-3520 Sonoda, Y. Suzuki, Y. Takeda, A. Takemoto, Y. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2232-7277 Takenaka, A. Tanaka, H. Yano, T. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5320-1709 Hirade, K. Kanemura, Y. Miki, S. Watabe, S. Han, S. https://orcid.org/0009-0002-8908-6922 Kajita, T. Okumura, K. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5523-2808 Tashiro, T. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1440-3049 Xia, J. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1412-092X Wang, X. Megias, G.D. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0890-1343 Bravo-Berguño, D. Labarga, L. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6395-9142 Marti, L. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5172-9796 Zaldivar, B. Pointon, B.W. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0312-4044 Blaszczyk, F.D.M. Kearns, E. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1781-150X Raaf, J.L. Stone, J.L. Wan, L. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5524-6137 Wester, T. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6668-7595 Bian, J. Griskevich, N.J. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4409-3184 Kropp, W.R. Mine, S. Smy, M.B. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8140-4319 Sobel, H.W. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5073-4043 Takhistov, V. Weatherly, P. Yankelevich, A. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5963-3123 Hill, J. Kim, J.Y. Lim, I.T. Park, R.G. Bodur, B. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8454-271X Scholberg, K. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7007-2021 Walter, C.W. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2035-2380 Bernard, L. Drapier, O. Hedri, S.E. Giampaolo, A. Gonin, M. Mueller, T.A. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2743-4741 Paganini, P. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9580-683X Quilain, B. Santos, A.D. Ishizuka, T. Nakamura, T. Jang, J.S. Learned, J.G. Anthony, L.H.V. Sztuc, A.A. Uchida, Y. Martin, D. Scott, M. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1759-4453 Berardi, V. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8387-4568 Catanesi, M.G. Radicioni, E. Calabria, N.F. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3590-2808 Machado, L.N. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7578-4183 De Rosa, G. Collazuol, G. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7876-6124 Iacob, F. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3582-3819 Lamoureux, M. Ospina, N. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8404-1808 Mattiazzi, M. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3900-6816 Ludovici, L. Nishimura, Y. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7666-3789 Maewaka, Y. Cao, S. Friend, M. Hasegawa, T. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2967-1954 Ishida, T. Kobayashi, T. Jakkapu, M. Matsubara, T. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3187-6710 Nakadaira, T. Nakamura, K. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3302-7325 Oyama, Y. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1689-0285 Sakashita, K. Sekiguchi, T. Tsukamoto, T. Nakano, Y. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1572-3888 Shiozawa, T. Suzuki, A.T. Takeuchi, Y. Yamamoto, S. Kotsar, Y. Ozaki, H. Ali, A. Ashida, Y. Feng, J. Hirota, S. Ichikawa, A.K. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1009-1490 Kikawa, T. Mori, M. Nakaya, T. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3040-4674 Wendell, R.A. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0969-4681 Yasutome, K. Fernandez, P. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9034-1930 McCauley, N. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5982-5125 Mehta, P. Tsui, K.M. Fukuda, Y. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2660-1958 Itow, Y. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8198-1968 Menjo, H. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8466-1938 Niwa, T. Sato, K. Tsukada, M. Mijakowski, P. Lagoda, J. Lakshmi, S.M. Zalipska, J. Jung, C.K. Vilela, C. Wilking, M.J. Yanagisawa, C. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6490-1743 Jiang, J. Hagiwara, K. Harada, M. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3273-946X Horai, T. Ishino, H. Ito, S. Koshio, Y. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0437-8505 Ma, W. Piplani, N. Sakai, S. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2190-0062 Kitagawa, H. Barr, G. Barrow, D. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5844-709X Cook, L. Goldsack, A. Samani, S. Wark, D. Nova, F. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0769-9921 Boschi, T. Di Lodovico, F. Taani, M. Zsoldos, S. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0142-4844 Gao, J. Migenda, J. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5350-8049 Yang, J.Y. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3624-3659 Jenkins, S.J. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0982-8141 Malek, M. McElwee, J.M. Stone, O. Thiesse, M.D. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0775-250X Thompson, L.F. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6911-4776 Okazawa, H. Nakamura, K. Kim, S.B. Yu, I. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1567-5548 Seo, J.W. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2719-2079 Nishijima, K. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1830-4251 Koshiba, M. Iwamoto, K. Ogawa, N. Yokoyama, M. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2742-0251 Martens, K. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5049-3339 Vagins, M.R. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0569-0480 Nakagiri, K. Kuze, M. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8858-8440 Izumiyama, S. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0808-8022 Yoshida, T. Inomoto, M. Ishitsuka, M. Matsumoto, R. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4995-9242 Ohta, K. Shinoki, M. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9486-6256 Suganuma, T. Kinoshita, T. Martin, J.F. Tanaka, H.A. Towstego, T. Akutsu, R. Hartz, M. Konaka, A. de Perio, P. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0741-4471 Prouse, N.W. Chen, S. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2376-8413 Xu, B.D. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5135-1319 Zhang, Y. Posiadala-Zezula, M. Richards, B. Jamieson, B. Walker, J. Minamino, A. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6510-7106 Okamoto, K. Pintaudi, G. Sasaki, R.
Copyright, Publisher and Additional Information:	© 2024 The Authors. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Licence (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Keywords:	5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics; 5107 Particle and High Energy Physics; 51 Physical Sciences
Dates:	Published: 2 August 2024 Published (online): 2 August 2024 Accepted: 15 March 2024
Institution:	The University of Sheffield
Academic Units:	The University of Sheffield > Faculty of Science (Sheffield) > School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences
Depositing User:	Symplectic Sheffield
Date Deposited:	15 Oct 2024 15:12
Last Modified:	15 Oct 2024 15:12
Published Version:	http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevd.110.032003
Status:	Published
Publisher:	American Physical Society (APS)
Refereed:	Yes
Identification Number:	10.1103/physrevd.110.032003
Open Archives Initiative ID (OAI ID):	oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:218458

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New methods and simulations for cosmogenic induced spallation removal in Super-Kamiokande-IV

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