Ball, E. orcid.org/0000-0002-6283-5949 and David Joseph, S. (2025) A mmWave transmitting time modulated array using bespoke GaAs integrated circuits – prototype design and laboratory trials at 73 GHz. IEEE Open Journal of Antennas and Propagation, 6 (1). 144 -162. ISSN 2637-6431
Abstract
The prototype design and testing of an E band mmWave Time Modulated Array (TMA) is presented. The PCB based array has a 3 dB RF bandwidth of 71-73 GHz and a peak gain of -2 dBi on the first harmonic steered beam. The TMA second harmonic beam gain is within 0.9 dB of a conventional phase-shifter based array, in a like-for-like theoretical comparison. An array gain of +11.5 dBi is predicted for a full on-chip implementation. Good agreement between theoretical and prototype measured gains and array patterns are reported. Beam steering and phase correction are implemented using an FPGA, requiring only 2 digital lines per array element. A dedicated, bespoke GaAs mmWave Monolithic Integrated Circuit (MMIC) to realize the TMA is presented. A key feature of the MMIC is a sub 400 ps phase inversion switch. The MMICs provide a measured average gain of 4.4 dB and draw 61.2 mW. The TMA is demonstrated steering the first harmonic beam to +/- 12 degrees and the second harmonic beam to +/- 30 degrees. The maxim steer possible is +/- 16 degrees for the first and +/- 35 degrees for the second harmonic beams. The full hardware demonstrator platform is presented and laboratory measurements provided, confirming good operation of the array compared to theory. Our work is the first demonstration of a steerable TX TMA operating in E band.
Metadata
Item Type: | Article |
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Authors/Creators: |
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Copyright, Publisher and Additional Information: | © 2024 The Author(s). This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. For more information, see https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ |
Keywords: | Millimeter wave circuits; RF hardware platform; time-modulated antenna arrays (TMAs) |
Dates: |
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Institution: | The University of Sheffield |
Academic Units: | The University of Sheffield > Faculty of Engineering (Sheffield) > School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering |
Funding Information: | Funder Grant number UK Research and Innovation MR/T043164/1 UK RESEARCH AND INNOVATION MR/T043164/1 |
Depositing User: | Symplectic Sheffield |
Date Deposited: | 23 Oct 2024 11:53 |
Last Modified: | 10 Mar 2025 12:15 |
Status: | Published |
Publisher: | Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) |
Refereed: | Yes |
Identification Number: | 10.1109/OJAP.2024.3481991 |
Open Archives Initiative ID (OAI ID): | oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:218421 |