Kaur, S., Singla, P., Dann, A.J. et al. (11 more authors) (2024) Sensitive electrochemical and thermal detection of human noroviruses using molecularly imprinted polymer nanoparticles generated against a viral target. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 16 (38). pp. 51397-51410. ISSN 1944-8244
Abstract
Norovirus (NoV) is the predominant cause of foodborne illness globally; current detection methods are typically expensive, have inadequate sensitivities, and utilize biological receptors with poor stability. Therefore, accurate, cost-effective, and highly stable detection methods are needed to screen for NoV in foods. We developed molecularly imprinted polymer nanoparticles (nanoMIPs) to detect NoV using a small target epitope (12 amino acids) with a solid-phase synthesis approach. The performance of three batches of nanoMIPs with varying monomer compositions (nanoMIP-1, -2, and -3) were compared both experimentally and computationally. Surface plasmon resonance examined nanoMIP binding affinity to norovirus virus-like particles (NoV-LPs), whereby nanoMIP-1 had the lowest KD value of 0.512 μM. This is significant, as traditional targets for generation of norovirus ligands previously reported were generated against drastically larger norovirus capsid segments that have limitations in ease of production. Further, an electrochemical sensor was developed by covalently attaching the nanoMIPs to glassy carbon electrodes. In agreement with our predictions from density functional theory simulations, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy showed a sensitive response toward NoV-LPs for nanoMIP batches tested; however, nanoMIP-1 was optimal, with an excellent detection limit of 3.4 pg/mL (1.9 × 105 particles/mL). Due to its exceptional performance, nanoMIP-1 was immobilized to screen-printed electrodes and utilized within a thermal sensor, where it exhibited a low detection limit of 6.5 pg/mL (3.7 × 105 particles/mL). Crucially, we demonstrated that nanoMIP-1 could detect NoV in real food samples (romaine lettuce) by using electrochemical and thermal sensors. Consequently, the study highlights the exceptional potential of nanoMIPs to replace traditional biological materials (e.g., antibodies) as sensitive, versatile, and highly stable receptors within NoV sensors.
Metadata
Item Type: | Article |
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Authors/Creators: |
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Copyright, Publisher and Additional Information: | © 2024 The Authors. This publication is licensed under CC-BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) |
Keywords: | biosensors; electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS); heat transfer method (HTM); molecular imprinted polymer nanoparticles (nanoMIPs); norovirus; Norovirus; Nanoparticles; Humans; Molecularly Imprinted Polymers; Electrochemical Techniques; Molecular Imprinting; Limit of Detection |
Dates: |
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Institution: | The University of Sheffield |
Academic Units: | The University of Sheffield > Faculty of Science (Sheffield) > School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences |
Depositing User: | Symplectic Sheffield |
Date Deposited: | 30 Sep 2024 11:58 |
Last Modified: | 30 Sep 2024 11:58 |
Status: | Published |
Publisher: | American Chemical Society (ACS) |
Refereed: | Yes |
Identification Number: | 10.1021/acsami.4c01942 |
Related URLs: | |
Open Archives Initiative ID (OAI ID): | oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:217741 |