Transforming the effectiveness and equity of a psychological therapy service: a case study in the English NHS talking therapies program

To work with a psychological therapies service to implement a recovery plan, as required by a government body, aimed at improving patient outcomes (effectiveness) and decreasing practitioner variability (equity). A case-study utilizing components of a learning health system, including nationally mandated patient outcome data, comprising three 18-month phases: (1) retrospective baseline; (2) improving patient outcomes (management-led); and (3) reducing practitioner variability (clinician-led). Primary analyses focused on 35 practitioners (N<jats:sub>PR</jats:sub> = 35) who were constant across the three phases and their patients in each phase (N<jats:sub>PA</jats:sub> = 930, 1226, 1217, respectively). Reliable improvement rates determined patient outcomes and multilevel modeling yielded practitioner effects. To test generalizability, results were compared to the whole practitioner sample for each phase: (1) N<jats:sub>PR</jats:sub> = 81, N<jats:sub>PA</jats:sub> = 1982; (2) N<jats:sub>PR</jats:sub> = 80, N<jats:sub>PA</jats:sub> = 2227; (3) N<jats:sub>PR</jats:sub> = 74, N<jats:sub>PA</jats:sub> = 2267. Ethical approval was granted by the Health Research Authority. Patient outcomes improved in successive phases for both the core and whole practitioner samples with the largest impact occurring in the management-led intervention. Practitioner variability decreased in successive phases in both the core and whole practitioner samples except in the management-led intervention of the whole sample. Compared with the management-led intervention, the practitioner-led intervention yielded a decrease in practitioner effect exceeding 60% in the core sample and approaching 50% in the whole sample. The implementation of multiple components of a learning health system can lead to improvements in both the effectiveness and equity of a psychological therapy service.