A Review of Hybrid Energy Storage System for Heavy-Duty Electric Vehicle

The driving range of electric vehicles is one of the major concerns to be addressed today. The cruising range of electric vehicles mainly depends on the energy storage system (ESS). The current energy storage system for small electric vehicles is mainly batteries. But for heavy-duty electric vehicles as well as high-performance electric sports cars, a hybrid energy storage system (HESS) has offered a better solution. A hybrid energy storage system usually consists of two complementary storage devices which are coordinated through an energy management system; these devices could be batteries, supercapacitors, fuel cells flywheels and others where each has different advantages and disadvantages and is suitable for different application scenarios. This paper reviews major energy storage system combinations and presents different energy storage system topologies. At the same time, different control methods of the hybrid energy storage system are reviewed in this paper, although some of which are based on the storage system available at the grid side.