Compact terahertz harmonic generation in the Reststrahlenband using a graphene-embedded metallic split ring resonator array

Abstract

Harmonic generation is a result of a strong non-linear interaction between light and matter. It is a key technology for optics, as it allows the conversion of optical signals to higher frequencies. Owing to its intrinsically large and electrically tunable non-linear optical response, graphene has been used for high harmonic generation but, until now, only at frequencies < 2 THz, and with high-power ultrafast table-top lasers or accelerator-based structures. Here, we demonstrate third harmonic generation at 9.63 THz by optically pumping single-layer graphene, coupled to a circular split ring resonator (CSRR) array, with a 3.21 THz frequency quantum cascade laser (QCL). Combined with the high graphene nonlinearity, the mode confinement provided by the optically-pumped CSRR enhances the pump power density as well as that at the third harmonic, permitting harmonic generation. This approach enables potential access to a frequency range (6-12 THz) where compact sources remain difficult to obtain, owing to the Reststrahlenband of typical III-V semiconductors.

Metadata

Item Type:	Article
Authors/Creators:	Di Gaspare, A. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1261-8575 Song, C. Schiattarella, C. Li, L.H. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4998-7259 Salih, M. https://orcid.org/0009-0001-6882-4642 Giles Davies, A. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1987-4846 Linfield, E.H. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6912-0535 Zhang, J. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7131-4491 Balci, O. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2766-2197 Ferrari, A.C. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0907-9993 Dhillon, S. Vitiello, M.S. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4914-0421
Copyright, Publisher and Additional Information:	© The Author(s) 2024. This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
Dates:	Published: 14 March 2024 Published (online): 14 March 2024 Accepted: 19 January 2024
Institution:	The University of Leeds
Academic Units:	The University of Leeds > Faculty of Engineering & Physical Sciences (Leeds) > School of Electronic & Electrical Engineering (Leeds) > Pollard Institute (Leeds) The University of Leeds > Faculty of Engineering & Physical Sciences (Leeds)
Depositing User:	Symplectic Publications
Date Deposited:	11 Jun 2024 09:06
Last Modified:	11 Jun 2024 09:06
Status:	Published
Publisher:	Nature Research
Identification Number:	10.1038/s41467-024-45267-2
Related URLs:	PubMed URL
Open Archives Initiative ID (OAI ID):	oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:213232

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Compact terahertz harmonic generation in the Reststrahlenband using a graphene-embedded metallic split ring resonator array

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