Jefrei, E., Xu, M. orcid.org/0000-0002-7966-092X, Moore, J.B. orcid.org/0000-0003-4750-1550 et al. (1 more author) (2024) Phytosterol and phytostanol-mediated epigenetic changes in cancer and other non-communicable diseases: a systematic review. British Journal of Nutrition, 131 (6). pp. 935-943. ISSN 0007-1145
Abstract
Phytosterols/phytostanols are bioactive compounds found in vegetable oils, nuts and seeds and added to a range of commercial food products. Consumption of phytosterols/phytostanols reduces levels of circulating LDL-cholesterol, a causative biomarker of CVD, and is linked to a reduced risk of some cancers. Individuals who consume phytosterols/phytostanols in their diet may do so for many years as part of a non-pharmacological route to lower cholesterol or as part of a healthy diet. However, the impact of long term or high intakes of dietary phytosterols/phytostanols has not been on whole-body epigenetic changes before. The aim of this systematic review was to identify all publications that have evaluated changes to epigenetic mechanisms (post-translation modification of histones, DNA methylation and miRNA expression) in response to phytosterols/phytostanols. A systematic search was performed that returned 226 records, of which eleven were eligible for full-text analysis. Multiple phytosterols were found to inhibit expression of histone deacetylase (HDAC) enzymes and were also predicted to directly bind and impair HDAC activity. Phytosterols were found to inhibit the expression and activity of DNA methyl transferase enzyme 1 and reverse cancer-associated gene silencing. Finally, phytosterols have been shown to regulate over 200 miRNA, although only five of these were reported in multiple publications. Five tissue types (breast, prostate, macrophage, aortic epithelia and lung) were represented across the studies, and although phytosterols/phytostanols alter the molecular mechanisms of epigenetic inheritance in these mammalian cells, studies exploring meiotic or transgenerational inheritance were not found.
Metadata
Item Type: | Article |
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Authors/Creators: |
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Copyright, Publisher and Additional Information: | © The Author(s), 2023. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike licence (CC-BY-NC-SA 4.0). |
Keywords: | Phytosterols; Phytostanols; Cancer; Epigenetics; Non-communicable disease; Histone deacetylase inhibitors; Gene regulation |
Dates: |
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Institution: | The University of Leeds |
Academic Units: | The University of Leeds > Faculty of Environment (Leeds) > School of Food Science and Nutrition (Leeds) > FSN Chemistry and Biochemistry (Leeds) The University of Leeds > Faculty of Environment (Leeds) > School of Food Science and Nutrition (Leeds) > FSN Nutrition and Public Health (Leeds) The University of Leeds > Faculty of Environment (Leeds) > School of Food Science and Nutrition (Leeds) |
Funding Information: | Funder Grant number World Cancer Research Fund No External Reference |
Depositing User: | Symplectic Publications |
Date Deposited: | 04 Apr 2024 09:15 |
Last Modified: | 04 Apr 2024 09:15 |
Status: | Published |
Publisher: | Cambridge University Press |
Identification Number: | 10.1017/s0007114523002532 |
Related URLs: | |
Open Archives Initiative ID (OAI ID): | oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:211177 |