Sivan, M., Smith, A.B., Osborne, T. et al. (8 more authors) (2024) Long COVID Clinical Severity Types Based on Symptoms and Functional Disability: A Longitudinal Evaluation. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 13 (7). 1908. ISSN 2077-0383
Abstract
Background: Long COVID (LC) is a multisystem clinical syndrome with functional disability and compromised overall health. Information on LC clinical severity types is emerging in cross-sectional studies. This study explored the pattern and consistency of long COVID (LC) clinical severity types over time in a prospective sample. Methods: Participants with LC completed the condition-specific outcome measure C19-YRSm (Yorkshire Rehabilitation Scale modified version) at two assessment time points. A cluster analysis for clinical severity types was undertaken at both time points using the k-means partition method. Results: The study included cross-sectional data for 759 patients with a mean age of 46.8 years (SD = 12.7), 69.4% females, and a duration of symptoms of 360 days (IQR 217 to 703 days). The cluster analysis at first assessment revealed three distinct clinical severity type clusters: mild (n = 96), moderate (n = 422), and severe (n = 241). Longitudinal data on 356 patients revealed that the pattern of three clinical severity types remained consistent over time between the two assessments, with 51% of patients switching clinical severity types between the assessments. Conclusions: This study is the first of its kind to demonstrate that the pattern of three clinical severity types is consistent over time, with patients also switching between severity types, indicating the fluctuating nature of LC.
Metadata
Item Type: | Article |
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Authors/Creators: |
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Copyright, Publisher and Additional Information: | © 2024 by the authors. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC-BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
Keywords: | SARS-CoV-2; post-COVID-19 condition; post-COVID-19 syndrome; C19-YRS; phenotypes; LOCOMOTION |
Dates: |
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Institution: | The University of Leeds |
Academic Units: | The University of Leeds > Faculty of Medicine and Health (Leeds) > School of Medicine (Leeds) > Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine (LICAMM) > Clinical & Population Science Dept (Leeds) |
Funding Information: | Funder Grant number NIHR National Inst Health Research COV-LT2-0016 |
Depositing User: | Symplectic Publications |
Date Deposited: | 25 Mar 2024 09:48 |
Last Modified: | 16 Apr 2024 13:36 |
Status: | Published |
Publisher: | MDPI |
Identification Number: | 10.3390/jcm13071908 |
Open Archives Initiative ID (OAI ID): | oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:210780 |