Generation of sanded creep curves using the extended creep force model with high pressure torsion data

In this paper an approach for generating predicted full-scale creep force – creep curves from small-scale tribological tests has been outlined and examples produced using rail sands and low adhesion contaminants. A high pressure torsion rig was used to measure the change in shear stress over increasing displacement for British and Austrian rail sands in dry, wet, and leaf contaminated conditions under different normal pressures. In addition, tests with just sycamore leaf powder and graphite were also conducted. This data was then used to parameterise extended creep force models for each contact condition, from which predictions of full-scale behaviour were then made and validated using full-scale data from literature.