Baludo, M.Y. orcid.org/0009-0008-2783-1468, Octorina, P., Beckerman, A. orcid.org/0000-0002-4797-9143 et al. (1 more author) (2024) Antipredator responses of three Daphnia species within the D. longispina species complex to two invertebrate predators. Ecology and Evolution, 14 (1). e10841. ISSN 2045-7758
Abstract
Prey communities in natural environments face a diverse array of predators with distinct hunting techniques. However, most studies have focused only on the interactions between a single prey species and one or more predators and typically only one of many induced defense traits, which limits our understanding of the broader effects of predators on prey communities. In this study, we conducted a common garden experiment using five clones each of three Daphnia species (D. cucullata, D. galeata, and D. longispina) from the D. longispina species complex to investigate the plasticity of predator-induced defenses in response to two predators in a community ecology setting. Five clones from each species were subjected to predator kairomones from two closely related invertebrate predators that are common in several European lakes, Bythotrephes longimanus or Leptodora kindtii for a duration of 10 days, and the morphological traits of body size, head size, spina size, and the presence of spinules on the ventral and dorsal carapace margins were measured. We show that among the species within this species complex there are different antipredator reactions to the invertebrate predators. The induced responses exhibited were species, trait, and predator-specific. Notably, D. galeata and D. cucullata developed distinctive helmets as defensive mechanisms, while microdefenses were induced in D. galeata and D. longispina, but not in D. cucullata. This demonstrates that the expression of micro- and macrodefenses across species was unrelated, highlighting the possible independent evolution of microstructures as defensive modules in Daphnia's antipredator strategies. This study is the first to document both micro- and macrodefensive phenotypic plasticity in three co-occurring Daphnia species within the D. longispina species complex. The differences in inducible defenses may have a substantial impact on how these three species cohabit with Bythotrephes and Leptodora.
Metadata
Item Type: | Article |
---|---|
Authors/Creators: |
|
Copyright, Publisher and Additional Information: | © 2024 The Authors. Ecology and Evolution published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
Keywords: | antipredator strategies; Bythotrephes; Daphnia; Daphnia longispina species complex; Leptodora; morphological defenses |
Dates: |
|
Institution: | The University of Sheffield |
Academic Units: | The University of Sheffield > Faculty of Science (Sheffield) > School of Biosciences (Sheffield) |
Depositing User: | Symplectic Sheffield |
Date Deposited: | 19 Jan 2024 10:49 |
Last Modified: | 19 Jan 2024 10:49 |
Status: | Published |
Publisher: | Wiley |
Refereed: | Yes |
Identification Number: | 10.1002/ece3.10841 |
Related URLs: | |
Open Archives Initiative ID (OAI ID): | oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:207647 |