Determinants of durable humoral and T cell immunity in myeloma patients following <scp>COVID</scp>‐19 vaccination

Abstract

Objective To describe determinants of persisting humoral and cellular immune response to the second COVID-19 vaccination among patients with myeloma.

Methods This is a prospective, observational study utilising the RUDYstudy.org platform. Participants reported their second and third COVID-19 vaccination dates. Myeloma patients had an Anti-S antibody level sample taken at least 21 days after their second vaccination and a repeat sample before their third vaccination.

Results 60 patients provided samples at least 3 weeks (median 57.5 days) after their second vaccination and before their third vaccination (median 176.0 days after second vaccine dose). Low Anti-S antibody levels (<50 IU/mL) doubled during this interval (p = .023) and, in the 47 participants with T-spot data, there was a 25% increase negative T-spot tests (p = .008). Low anti–S antibody levels prior to the third vaccination were predicted by lower Anti-S antibody level and negative T-spot status after the second vaccine. Independent determinants of a negative T-spot included increasing age, previous COVID infection, high CD4 count and lower percentage change in Anti-S antibody levels.

Conclusions Negative T-spot results predict low Anti-S antibody levels (<50 IU/mL) following a second COVID-19 vaccination and a number of biomarkers predict T cell responses in myeloma patients.

Metadata

Item Type:	Article
Authors/Creators:	Twumasi, C. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6817-8356 Moore, S. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1380-1934 Sadler, R. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2250-670X Jeans, S. Varghese, S. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2339-3604 Turner, A. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8801-6386 Agarwal, G. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7810-9717 Larham, J. Gray, N. Carty, O. Barrett, J. Bowcock, S. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8195-8960 Oppermann, U. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9984-5342 Gamble, V. Cook, G. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7196-7364 Kyriakou, C. Drayson, M. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1528-7564 Basu, S. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2206-4796 McDonald, S. McKinley, S. Gooding, S. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1549-7043 Javaid, M.K. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7985-0048 Ramasamy, K. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3385-3707
Copyright, Publisher and Additional Information:	© 2023 The Authors. European Journal of Haematology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non-commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.
Keywords:	COVID-19 vaccination; myeloma; predictors
Dates:	Published: 2023 Published (online): 20 December 2023 Accepted: 27 November 2023
Institution:	The University of Leeds
Academic Units:	The University of Leeds > Faculty of Medicine and Health (Leeds) > School of Medicine (Leeds) > Inst of Clinical Trials Research (LICTR) (Leeds)
Depositing User:	Symplectic Publications
Date Deposited:	05 Jan 2024 15:37
Last Modified:	05 Jan 2024 15:37
Published Version:	http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ejh.14143
Status:	Published
Publisher:	Wiley
Identification Number:	10.1111/ejh.14143
Related URLs:	PubMed URL
Open Archives Initiative ID (OAI ID):	oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:207232

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Determinants of durable humoral and T cell immunity in myeloma patients following <scp>COVID</scp>‐19 vaccination

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