Wilcox, J. orcid.org/0009-0003-0224-7138, Rutayisire, B. orcid.org/0000-0003-0180-5292, Kuria, N. et al. (3 more authors) (2023) Developing formal pit-latrine emptying businesses for hard-to-serve customers: resources, methods, and pricing structures. Journal of Water, Sanitation & Hygiene for Development, 13 (12). pp. 941-951. ISSN 2043-9083
Abstract
Rapidly increasing populations in informal settlements commonly use pit-latrines that require regular emptying. This study compares two emptying businesses from Kampala, Uganda and Kigali, Rwanda and identifies developments in formal services for hard-to-serve customers that are not accessible to large vehicles. Using observational and operational data shared by both businesses, we analyse the resources, methods, and tariffs used. Results indicate that although portable vacuum pumps are able to empty some facilities, fully manual methods are still required to empty thick sludge, deep pits, and weak structures in hard-to-serve areas. Manual emptying in Kampala which uses no mechanical equipment has the same overall duration as emptying using a portable vacuum pump in Kigali due to the additional time required to prepare, pack, and clean equipment. Effective municipal solid-waste management makes pit emptying faster at a lower cost. Some hard-to-serve customers require manual methods but increased costs are not affordable or equitable. This study highlights the opportunity for government and city authorities to support sanitation businesses by managing the tension between affordability, formalising services, and increasing uptake by recognising that manual emptying is required for some customers, and such higher regulatory standards can increase prices and prevent some customers from accessing formal services.
Metadata
Item Type: | Article |
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Authors/Creators: |
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Copyright, Publisher and Additional Information: | © 2023 The Authors. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC-BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
Keywords: | desludging, faecal sludge management, on-site sanitation, pit-latrine emptying, solid waste |
Dates: |
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Institution: | The University of Leeds |
Academic Units: | The University of Leeds > Faculty of Engineering & Physical Sciences (Leeds) > School of Civil Engineering (Leeds) |
Depositing User: | Symplectic Publications |
Date Deposited: | 15 Jan 2024 13:44 |
Last Modified: | 22 Jan 2024 21:40 |
Published Version: | http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2023.110 |
Status: | Published |
Publisher: | IWA Publishing |
Identification Number: | 10.2166/washdev.2023.110 |
Open Archives Initiative ID (OAI ID): | oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:207032 |