Zhang, A., Li, T., Tu, R. et al. (4 more authors) (2021) The Effect of Nonlinear Charging Function and Line Change Constraints on Electric Bus Scheduling. Promet - Traffic&Transportation, 33 (4). pp. 527-538. ISSN 0353-5320
Abstract
The recharging plans are a key component of the electric bus schedule. Since the real-world charging function of electric vehicles follows a nonlinear relation-ship with the charging duration, it is challenging to ac-curately estimate the charging time. To provide a feasible bus schedule given the nonlinear charging function, this paper proposes a mixed integer programming model with a piecewise linear charging approximation and multi-de-pot and multi-vehicle type scheduling. The objective of the model is to minimise the total cost of the schedule, which includes the vehicle purchasing cost and opera-tion cost. From a practical point of view, the number of line changes of each bus is also taken as one of the constraints in the optimisation. An improved heuristic algorithm is then proposed to find high-quality solutions of the problem with an efficient computation. Finally, a re-al-world dataset is used for the case study. The results of using different charging functions indicate a large deviation between the linear charging function and the piece-wise linear approximation, which can effectively avoid the infeasible bus schedules. Moreover, the experiments show that the proposed line change constraints can be an effective control method for transit operators.
Metadata
Item Type: | Article |
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Authors/Creators: |
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Copyright, Publisher and Additional Information: | © 2021 Aijia Zhang, Tiezhu Li, Ran Tu, Changyin Dong, Haibo Chen, Jianbing Gao, Ye Liu. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
Keywords: | electric bus scheduling problem; nonlinear charging function; line change constraints; mixed integer optimisation; heuristic algorithm |
Dates: |
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Institution: | The University of Leeds |
Academic Units: | The University of Leeds > Faculty of Environment (Leeds) > Institute for Transport Studies (Leeds) > ITS: Spatial Modelling and Dynamics (Leeds) |
Funding Information: | Funder Grant number EU - European Union 815189 |
Depositing User: | Symplectic Publications |
Date Deposited: | 05 Jan 2024 14:31 |
Last Modified: | 05 Jan 2024 14:31 |
Status: | Published |
Publisher: | University of Zagreb, Faculty of Transport and Traffic Sciences |
Identification Number: | 10.7307/ptt.v33i4.3730 |
Open Archives Initiative ID (OAI ID): | oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:206772 |