Parks, M., Sigmundsson, F., Drouin, V. et al. (10 more authors) (2023) Deformation, seismicity, and monitoring response preceding and during the 2022 Fagradalsfjall eruption, Iceland. Bulletin of Volcanology, 85 (10). 60. ISSN 0258-8900
Abstract
Following two periods of dike intrusion in 2021 at Fagradalsfjall, Iceland, one of which led to an eruption, a third dike intrusion commenced on 30 July 2022. A sudden increase in seismicity occurred within the diking area, with approximately 1700 automatically detected earthquakes > M1 within 24 h. Strong earthquakes were felt over several days within a wider area (largest MW 5.3). The timeline and spatial distribution of seismicity suggested it resulted from diking, together with triggered seismicity in nearby areas releasing stored tectonic stress. Geodetic observations revealed displacements consistent with a dike intrusion, and geodetic modeling on 2 August revealed a best-fit model with a shallow top depth of the dike (~1 km), and high magma inflow rate (~49 m3/s). Also considering a decline in seismicity, a warning was issued that the likelihood of a new eruption in the coming days was high. An effusive eruption started the next day (3 August) on a ~375-m-long fissure, with an initial extrusion rate of 32 m3/s. The projected surface location of the dike (from the optimal model) was within 49–110 m of the eruptive fissure. We present a timeline of the activity and monitoring response in the days both preceding and following the eruption onset. We compare the details of the activity that occurred prior to this diking and eruption to the previous events at Fagradalsfjall to improve understanding of unrest preceding eruptions.
Metadata
Item Type: | Article |
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Authors/Creators: |
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Copyright, Publisher and Additional Information: | © The Author(s) 2023, corrected publication 2023. This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. |
Keywords: | Fagradalsfjall; Dike intrusions; Eruption forecasting; Geodetic modeling |
Dates: |
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Institution: | The University of Leeds |
Academic Units: | The University of Leeds > Faculty of Environment (Leeds) > School of Earth and Environment (Leeds) > Inst of Geophysics and Tectonics (IGT) (Leeds) |
Funding Information: | Funder Grant number EU - European Union 866085 NERC (Natural Environment Research Council) GA/13M/031 |
Depositing User: | Symplectic Publications |
Date Deposited: | 07 Dec 2023 12:53 |
Last Modified: | 07 Dec 2023 12:55 |
Published Version: | https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00445-0... |
Status: | Published |
Publisher: | Springer Nature |
Identification Number: | 10.1007/s00445-023-01671-y |
Related URLs: | |
Open Archives Initiative ID (OAI ID): | oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:206282 |