Sykes, Dominic L, Van der Feltz-Cornelis, Christina M orcid.org/0000-0001-6925-8956, Holdsworth, Luke et al. (4 more authors) (2023) Examining the relationship between inflammatory biomarkers during COVID-19 hospitalization and subsequent long-COVID symptoms:A longitudinal and retrospective study. Immunity, inflammation and disease. e1052. ISSN 2050-4527
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Long-COVID is a heterogeneous condition with a litany of physical and neuropsychiatric presentations and its pathophysiology remains unclear. Little is known about the association between inflammatory biomarkers, such as interleukin-6 (IL-6) and C-reactive protein (CRP) in the acute phase, and persistent symptoms after hospitalization in COVID-19 patients. METHODS: IL-6, CRP, troponin-T, and ferritin were analyzed at admission for all patients with COVID-19 between September 1, 2020 to January 10, 2021. Survivors were followed up 3-months following hospital discharge and were asked to report persistent symptoms they experienced. Admission data were retrospectively collected. Independent t-tests and Mann-Whitney U tests were performed. RESULTS: In a sample of 144 patients (62.5% male, mean Age 62 years [SD = 13.6]) followed up 3 months after hospital discharge, the commonest symptoms reported were fatigue (54.2%), breathlessness (52.8%), and sleep disturbance (37.5%). In this sample, admission levels of IL-6, CRP and ferritin were elevated. However, those reporting myalgia, low mood, and anxiety at follow-up had lower admission levels of IL-6 (34.9 vs. 52.0 pg/mL, p = .043), CRP (83 vs. 105 mg/L, p = .048), and ferritin (357 vs. 568 ug/L, p = .01) respectively, compared with those who did not report these symptoms. Multivariate regression analysis showed that these associations were confounded by gender, as female patients had significantly lower levels of IL-6 and ferritin on admission (29.5 vs. 56.1, p = .03 and 421.5 vs. 589, p = .001, respectively) and were more likely to report myalgia, low mood and anxiety, when compared to males. CONCLUSIONS: Our data demonstrate that female patients present more often with lower levels of inflammatory biomarkers on admission which are subsequently associated with long-term post-COVID symptoms, such as myalgia and anxiety, in those discharged from hospital with severe COVID-19. Further research is needed into the role of serum biomarkers in post-COVID prognostication.
Metadata
Item Type: | Article |
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Authors/Creators: |
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Copyright, Publisher and Additional Information: | © 2023 The Authors |
Keywords: | Humans,Male,Female,Middle Aged,COVID-19,Retrospective Studies,Interleukin-6,Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome,Myalgia,Biomarkers,Hospitalization,C-Reactive Protein/analysis,Ferritins |
Dates: |
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Institution: | The University of York |
Academic Units: | The University of York > Faculty of Sciences (York) > Hull York Medical School (York) The University of York > Faculty of Sciences (York) > Health Sciences (York) The University of York > Faculty of Sciences (York) > Mathematics (York) |
Depositing User: | Pure (York) |
Date Deposited: | 15 Nov 2023 16:40 |
Last Modified: | 07 Feb 2025 00:37 |
Published Version: | https://doi.org/10.1002/iid3.1052 |
Status: | Published |
Refereed: | Yes |
Identification Number: | 10.1002/iid3.1052 |
Open Archives Initiative ID (OAI ID): | oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:205429 |
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Description: Examining the relationship between inflammatory biomarkers during COVID‐19
Licence: CC-BY 2.5