Nondental invasive procedures and risk of infective endocarditis: time for a revisit: a science advisory from the American Heart Association

There have been no published prospective clinical trials that have: 1) established an association between invasive dental and non-dental invasive procedures (NDIPs) and risk of infective endocarditis; or 2) defined the efficacy and safety of antibiotic prophylaxis administered in the setting of invasive procedures in the prevention of IE in high-risk patients. Moreover, previous observational studies that examined the association of NDIPs with the risk of IE have been limited by inadequate sample size. They have typically focused on a few potential at-risk surgical and non-surgical invasive procedures. However, recent investigations from Sweden and England that used nationwide databases and demonstrated an association between NDIPs, and the subsequent development of IE (particularly in high-risk IE patients) prompted the development of the current Science Advisory.