Understanding national trends in COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in Canada: results from five sequential cross-sectional representative surveys spanning April 2020–March 2021

Lavoie, K. orcid.org/0000-0003-2606-1357, Gosselin-Boucher, V. orcid.org/0000-0002-3030-6022, Stojanovic, J. orcid.org/0000-0002-3984-5241 et al. (11 more authors) (Cover date: April 2022) Understanding national trends in COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in Canada: results from five sequential cross-sectional representative surveys spanning April 2020–March 2021. BMJ Open, 12 (4). e059411. ISSN 2044-6055

Abstract

Objective: To examine rates of vaccine hesitancy and their correlates among Canadian adults between April 2020 and March 2021.

Design: Five sequential cross-sectional age, sex and province-weighted population-based samples who completed online surveys.

Setting: Canada.

Participants: A total of 15 019 Canadians aged 18 years and over were recruited through a recognised polling firm (Leger Opinion). Respondents were 51.5% female with a mean age of 48.1 (SD 17.2) years (range 18–95 years) and predominantly white (80.8%).

Primary and secondary outcome measures: Rates of vaccine hesitancy over the five surveys (time points) and their sociodemographic, clinical and psychological correlates.

Results: A total of 42.2% of respondents reported some degree of vaccine hesitancy, which was lowest during surveys 1 (April 2020) and 5 (March 2021) and highest during survey 3 (November 2020). Fully adjusted multivariate logistic regression analyses revealed that women, those aged 50 and younger, non-white, those with high school education or less, and those with annual household incomes below the poverty line in Canada were significantly more likely to report vaccine hesitancy, as were essential and healthcare workers, parents of children under the age of 18 and those who do not get regular influenza vaccines. Endorsing prevention behaviours as important for reducing virus transmission and high COVID-19 health concerns were associated with 77% and 54% reduction in vaccine hesitancy, respectively. Having high personal financial concerns was associated with 1.33 times increased odds of vaccine hesitancy.

Conclusions: Results highlight the importance of targeting vaccine efforts to specific groups by emphasising the outsized health benefits compared with risks of vaccination. Future research should monitor changes in vaccine intentions and behaviour to better understand underlying factors.

Metadata

Item Type:	Article
Authors/Creators:	Lavoie, K. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2606-1357 Gosselin-Boucher, V. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3030-6022 Stojanovic, J. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3984-5241 Gupta, S. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7307-6247 Gagné, M. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0559-5731 Joyal-Desmarais, K. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0657-8367 Séguin, K. Gorin, S.S. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5346-0997 Ribeiro, P. Voisard, B. Vallis, M. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0165-5936 Corace, K. Presseau, J. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2132-0703 Bacon, S. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7075-0358
Copyright, Publisher and Additional Information:	© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2022. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ This is an open access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited, appropriate credit is given, any changes made indicated, and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/.
Keywords:	COVID-19; public health; infection control
Dates:	Published: 5 April 2022 Published (online): 5 April 2022 Accepted: 15 February 2022
Institution:	The University of Leeds
Academic Units:	The University of Leeds > Faculty of Medicine and Health (Leeds) > School of Psychology (Leeds)
Depositing User:	Symplectic Publications
Date Deposited:	12 Oct 2023 14:45
Last Modified:	12 Oct 2023 14:45
Status:	Published
Publisher:	BMJ
Identification Number:	10.1136/bmjopen-2021-059411
Related URLs:	Author
Open Archives Initiative ID (OAI ID):	oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:204134

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Understanding national trends in COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in Canada: results from five sequential cross-sectional representative surveys spanning April 2020–March 2021

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