Franklin, M. orcid.org/0000-0002-2774-9439 and Hernández Alava, M. orcid.org/0000-0003-4474-5883 (2023) Enabling QALY estimation in mental health trials and care settings: mapping from the PHQ-9 and GAD-7 to the ReQoL-UI or EQ-5D-5L using mixture models. Quality of Life Research, 32 (10). pp. 2763-2778. ISSN 0962-9343
Abstract
Purpose Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) are commonly collected in trials and some care settings, but preference-based PROMs required for economic evaluation are often missing. For these situations, mapping models are needed to predict preference-based (aka utility) scores. Our objective is to develop a series of mapping models to predict preference-based scores from two mental health PROMs: Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9; depression) and Generalised Anxiety Questionnaire-7 (GAD-7; anxiety). We focus on preference-based scores for the more physical-health-focussed EQ-5D (five-level England and US value set, and three-level UK cross-walk) and more mental-health-focussed Recovering Quality-of-Life Utility Index (ReQoL-UI).
Methods We used trial data from the Improving Access to Psychological Therapies (IAPT) mental health services (now called NHS Talking Therapies), England, with a focus on people with depression and/or anxiety caseness. We estimated adjusted limited dependent variable or beta mixture models (ALDVMMs or Betamix, respectively) using GAD-7, PHQ-9, age, and sex as covariates. We followed ISPOR mapping guidance, including assessing model fit using statistical and graphical techniques.
Results Over six data collection time-points between baseline and 12-months, 1340 observed values (N ≤ 353) were available for analysis. The best fitting ALDVMMs had 4-components with covariates of PHQ-9, GAD-7, sex, and age; age was not a probability variable for the final ReQoL-UI mapping model. Betamix had practical benefits over ALDVMMs only when mapping to the US value set.
Conclusion Our mapping functions can predict EQ-5D-5L or ReQoL-UI related utility scores for QALY estimation as a function of variables routinely collected within mental health services or trials, such as the PHQ-9 and/or GAD-7.
Metadata
Item Type: | Article |
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Authors/Creators: |
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Copyright, Publisher and Additional Information: | © 2023 The Authors. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Licence (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
Keywords: | Anxiety; Depression; EQ-5D-5L; Economic evaluation; GAD-7; Mapping; Mental health; PHQ-9; QALY; ReQoL-UI |
Dates: |
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Institution: | The University of Sheffield |
Academic Units: | The University of Sheffield > Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health (Sheffield) > School of Health and Related Research (Sheffield) > ScHARR - Sheffield Centre for Health and Related Research |
Depositing User: | Symplectic Sheffield |
Date Deposited: | 16 Jun 2023 13:48 |
Last Modified: | 04 Oct 2024 10:33 |
Status: | Published |
Publisher: | Springer Science and Business Media LLC |
Refereed: | Yes |
Identification Number: | 10.1007/s11136-023-03443-9 |
Related URLs: | |
Open Archives Initiative ID (OAI ID): | oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:200477 |