Cliff, Samuel J, Lewis, Alastair C orcid.org/0000-0002-4075-3651, Shaw, Marvin D orcid.org/0000-0001-9954-243X et al. (6 more authors) (2023) Unreported VOC Emissions from Road Transport Including from Electric Vehicles. Environmental science & technology. ISSN 1520-5851
Abstract
There are widespread policy assumptions that the phase-out of gasoline and diesel internal combustion engines will over time lead to much reduced emissions of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) from road transport and related fuels. However, the use of real-world emissions measurements from a new mobile air quality monitoring station demonstrated a large underestimation of alcohol-based species in road transport emissions inventories. Scaling of industry sales statistics enabled the discrepancy to be attributed to the use of ancillary solvent products such as screenwash and deicer which are not included in internationally applied vehicle emission methodologies. A fleet average nonfuel nonexhaust VOC emission factor of 58 ± 39 mg veh -1 km -1 was calculated for the missing source, which is greater than the total of all VOCs emitted from vehicle exhausts and their associated evaporative fuel losses. These emissions are independent of the vehicle energy/propulsion system and therefore applicable to all road vehicle types including those with battery-electric powertrains. In contrast to predictions, vehicle VOC emissions may actually increase given a predicted growth in total vehicle kilometers driven in a future electrified fleet and will undergo a complete VOC respeciation due to the source change.
Metadata
Item Type: | Article |
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Authors/Creators: |
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Copyright, Publisher and Additional Information: | Funding Information: Measurements were funded by the U.K. Natural Environment Research Council through the OSCA (Integrated Research Observation System for Clean Air) project of the Clean Air Strategic Priority Fund (Grant numbers NE/T001917/1 and NE/T001798/2). S.C. was supported by the Panorama Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) Doctoral Training Partnership (DTP), under grant NE/S007458/1. Publisher Copyright: © 2023 The Authors. Published by American Chemical Society. |
Keywords: | air pollution,ethanol,screenwash,urban atmosphere,volatile chemical products |
Dates: |
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Institution: | The University of York |
Academic Units: | The University of York > Faculty of Sciences (York) > Chemistry (York) |
Depositing User: | Pure (York) |
Date Deposited: | 26 May 2023 09:10 |
Last Modified: | 26 Nov 2024 00:57 |
Published Version: | https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.3c00845 |
Status: | Published online |
Refereed: | Yes |
Identification Number: | 10.1021/acs.est.3c00845 |
Related URLs: | |
Open Archives Initiative ID (OAI ID): | oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:199608 |
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Filename: acs.est.3c00845.pdf
Description: Unreported VOC Emissions from Road Transport Including from Electric Vehicles
Licence: CC-BY 2.5