Li, L. orcid.org/0000-0002-9565-9830, Andrews, J., Mitchell, R. orcid.org/0000-0002-6328-3998 et al. (3 more authors) (2023) Aqueous cold sintering of Li-based compounds. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 15 (16). pp. 20228-20239. ISSN 1944-8244
Abstract
Aqueous cold sintering of two lithium-based compounds, the electrolyte Li6.25La3Zr2Al0.25O12 (LLZAO) and cathode material LiCoO2 (LCO), is reported. For LLZAO, a relative density of ∼87% was achieved, whereas LCO was sintered to ∼95% with 20 wt % LLZAO as a flux/binder. As-cold sintered LLZAO exhibited a low total conductivity (10–8 S/cm) attributed to an insulating grain boundary blocking layer of Li2CO3. The blocking layer was reduced with a post-annealing process or, more effectively, by replacing deionized water with 5 M LiCl during cold sintering to achieve a total conductivity of ∼3 × 10–5 S/cm (similar to the bulk conductivity). For LCO-LLZAO composites, scanning electron microscopy and X-ray computer tomography indicated a continuous LCO matrix with the LLZAO phase evenly distributed but isolated throughout the ceramics. [001] texturing during cold sintering resulted in an order of magnitude difference in electronic conductivity between directions perpendicular and parallel to the c-axis at room temperature. The electronic conductivity (∼10–2 S/cm) of cold sintered LCO-LLZAO ceramics at room temperature was comparable to that of single crystals and higher than those synthesized via either conventional sintering or hot pressing.
Metadata
Item Type: | Article |
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Authors/Creators: |
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Copyright, Publisher and Additional Information: | © 2023 The Authors. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Licence (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
Keywords: | LLZO; LCO; cold sintering; solid electrolyte; ceramic composite; prefer orientation; textured ceramic |
Dates: |
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Institution: | The University of Sheffield |
Academic Units: | The University of Sheffield > Faculty of Engineering (Sheffield) > Department of Materials Science and Engineering (Sheffield) |
Funding Information: | Funder Grant number ENGINEERING AND PHYSICAL SCIENCE RESEARCH COUNCIL EP/L017563/1 Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council EP/T006390/1 |
Depositing User: | Symplectic Sheffield |
Date Deposited: | 03 May 2023 14:23 |
Last Modified: | 03 May 2023 14:23 |
Status: | Published |
Publisher: | American Chemical Society (ACS) |
Refereed: | Yes |
Identification Number: | 10.1021/acsami.3c00392 |
Related URLs: | |
Open Archives Initiative ID (OAI ID): | oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:198839 |