Saha, S, Do, T orcid.org/0000-0002-5668-2181, Maycock, J et al. (2 more authors) (2023) Antibiofilm Efficacies of Flavonoid-Rich Sweet Orange Waste Extract against Dual-Species Biofilms. Pathogens, 12 (5). 657. ISSN 2076-0817
Abstract
The current study evaluated the antibacterial properties of industrial sweet orange waste extracts (ISOWEs), which are a rich source of flavonoids. The ISOWEs exhibited antibacterial activity towards the dental cariogenic pathogens Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus casei with 13.0 ± 2.0 and 20.0 ± 2.0 mg/mL for MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration) and 37.7 ± 1.5 and 43.3 ± 2.1 mg/mL for MBC (minimum bactericidal concentration), respectively. When evaluated in a 7-day dual-species oral biofilm model, ISOWEs dose-dependently reduced the viable bacteria count, and demonstrated strong synergistic effects when combined with the anti-septic chlorhexidine (at 0.1 and 0.2%). Similarly, confocal microscopy confirmed the anti-cariogenic properties of ISOWEs, alone and in combination with chlorhexidine. The citrus flavonoids contributed differently to these effects, with the flavones (nobiletin, tangeretin and sinensetin) demonstrating significantly lower MICs and MBCs compared to the flavanones hesperidin and narirutin. In conclusion, our study demonstrated the potential of citrus waste as a currently underutilised source of flavonoids for antimicrobial applications, such as in dental health.
Metadata
Item Type: | Article |
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Authors/Creators: |
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Copyright, Publisher and Additional Information: | © 2023 by the author. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
Keywords: | citrus waste; citrus flavonoids; oral biofilm; antimicrobial; anticariogenic; caries |
Dates: |
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Institution: | The University of Leeds |
Academic Units: | The University of Leeds > Faculty of Medicine and Health (Leeds) > School of Dentistry (Leeds) > Oral Biology (Leeds) |
Depositing User: | Symplectic Publications |
Date Deposited: | 03 May 2023 13:53 |
Last Modified: | 25 Jun 2023 23:20 |
Status: | Published |
Publisher: | MDPI |
Identification Number: | 10.3390/pathogens12050657 |
Open Archives Initiative ID (OAI ID): | oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:198730 |