Gender dysphoria: an overview for orthodontists

Among non-gender conforming populations, there is a subgroup of individuals who experience significant distress associated with their gender incongruity, commonly referred to as gender dysphoria (GD). In the UK, there is a recognised pathway for individuals experiencing GD. This has traditionally been initiated by a referral to the Gender Identity Development Service (GIDS) for children and adolescents or to a Gender Identity Clinic (GIC) for adults. This pathway can potentially involve several specialties and treatment modalities, including the prescription of various hormones. It is important for orthodontists to have an understanding of this field, as well as the potential treatment modalities, so that they can support this often marginalised patient group. Inherent differences between male and female facial features may also lead patients with GD to present to orthodontists, wishing to change their facial appearance. This article highlights the current national pathway for GD and the orthodontic considerations for these individuals.