Markey, O. orcid.org/0000-0001-5293-7354, Pradeilles, R., Goudet, S. et al. (4 more authors) (2023) Unhealthy food and beverage consumption during childhood and risk of cardiometabolic disease: a systematic review of prospective cohort studies. The Journal of Nutrition, 153 (1). pp. 176-189. ISSN 0022-3166
Abstract
Background Global consumption of unhealthy foods, including ultra-processed foods (UPFs) and sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs), has increased substantially among pediatric populations. Suboptimal diet during early life can track into adulthood, alongside risk factors for cardiometabolic disease.
Objective To inform the development of updated WHO guiding principles for complementary feeding of infants and young children, this systematic review sought to examine the association between unhealthy food consumption during childhood and cardiometabolic risk biomarkers.
Methods PubMed (Medline), EMBASE, and Cochrane CENTRAL were systematically searched, with no language restriction, up to 10 March 2022. Inclusion criteria were randomized controlled trials (RCTs), non-RCTs, and longitudinal cohort studies; children aged ≤10.9 y at exposure; studies reporting greater consumption of unhealthy foods and beverages (defined using nutrient- and food-based approaches) than no or low consumption; studies assessing critical nonanthropometric cardiometabolic disease risk outcomes (blood lipid profile, glycemic control, or blood pressure).
Results Of 30,021 identified citations, 11 articles from 8 longitudinal cohort studies were included. Six studies focused on exposure to unhealthy foods or UPF, and 4 focused on SSB only. Methodological heterogeneity was too high across studies to meta-analyze effect estimates. A narrative synthesis of quantitative data revealed that exposure to unhealthy foods and beverages, specifically NOVA-defined UPF, in children of preschool age may be associated with a worse blood lipid and blood pressure profile in later childhood (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation [GRADE]: low and very low certainty, respectively). No associations were evident between SSB consumption and blood lipids, glycemic control, or blood pressure (GRADE: all low certainty).
Conclusions No definitive conclusion can be made because of quality of the data. More high-quality studies that purposefully assess the effects of unhealthy food and beverage exposure during childhood on cardiometabolic risk outcomes are needed. This protocol was registered at https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/ as CRD42020218109.
Metadata
Item Type: | Article |
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Authors/Creators: |
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Copyright, Publisher and Additional Information: | © 2022 The Authors. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Licence (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
Keywords: | cardiovascular diseases; cholesterol; children; cohort studies; diabetes; sugar-sweetened beverages; ultra-processed foods |
Dates: |
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Institution: | The University of Sheffield |
Academic Units: | The University of Sheffield > Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health (Sheffield) > School of Health and Related Research (Sheffield) > ScHARR - Sheffield Centre for Health and Related Research |
Depositing User: | Symplectic Sheffield |
Date Deposited: | 20 Jan 2023 10:25 |
Last Modified: | 22 Mar 2023 15:10 |
Status: | Published |
Publisher: | Elsevier BV |
Refereed: | Yes |
Identification Number: | 10.1016/j.tjnut.2022.11.013 |
Open Archives Initiative ID (OAI ID): | oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:195458 |