McKiernan, E. orcid.org/0000-0001-7076-8216, Su, L. orcid.org/0000-0002-6347-3986 and O’Brien, J. (2023) MRS in neurodegenerative dementias, prodromal syndromes and at-risk states: A systematic review of the literature. NMR in Biomedicine, 36 (7). e4896. ISSN 0952-3480
Abstract
Background
In recent years, MRS has benefited from increased MRI field strengths, new acquisition protocols and new processing techniques. This review aims to determine how this has altered our understanding of MRS neurometabolic markers in neurodegenerative dementias.
Methods
Our systematic review of human in vivo MRS literature since 2002 pertains to Alzheimer's disease (AD), dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), Parkinson's disease dementia, frontotemporal dementia (FTD), prodromal and ‘at-risk’ states. Studies using field strengths of 3 T or more were included.
Results
Of 85 studies, AD and/or mild cognitive impairment (MCI) were the most common conditions of interest (58 papers, 68%). Only 14 (16%) studies included other dementia syndromes and 13 (15%) investigated ‘at-risk’ cohorts. Earlier findings of lower N-acetylaspartate and higher myo-inositol were confirmed. Additionally, lower choline and creatine in AD and MCI were reported, though inconsistently. Previously challenging-to-measure metabolites (glutathione, glutamate and gamma-aminobutyric acid) were reportedly lower in AD, FTD and DLB compared with controls.
Discussion
Increasing field strength alongside targeted acquisition protocols has revealed additional metabolite changes. Most studies were small and regional metabolite differences between dementia types may not have been captured due to the predominant placement of voxels in the posterior cingulate cortex. The standard of data collection, quality control and analysis is improving due to greater consensus regarding acquisition and processing techniques. Ongoing harmonization of techniques, creation of larger and longitudinal cohorts, and placement of MRS voxels in more diverse regions will strengthen future research.
Metadata
Item Type: | Article |
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Authors/Creators: |
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Copyright, Publisher and Additional Information: | © 2023 The Authors. NMR in Biomedicine published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
Keywords: | Alzheimer’s disease; Lewy bodies; MRS; Parkinson’s dementia; dementia; mild cognitive impairment; proton spectroscopy |
Dates: |
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Institution: | The University of Sheffield |
Academic Units: | The University of Sheffield > Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health (Sheffield) > Department of Neuroscience (Sheffield) |
Funding Information: | Funder Grant number Alzheimer’s Research UK ARUK-SRF2017B-1 |
Depositing User: | Symplectic Sheffield |
Date Deposited: | 10 Feb 2023 15:12 |
Last Modified: | 27 Sep 2024 15:13 |
Status: | Published |
Publisher: | Wiley |
Refereed: | Yes |
Identification Number: | 10.1002/nbm.4896 |
Related URLs: | |
Open Archives Initiative ID (OAI ID): | oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:195414 |