Mills, Thomas orcid.org/0000-0003-2599-8930, Madden, Mary orcid.org/0000-0001-5749-2665, Stewart, Duncan orcid.org/0000-0001-7355-4280 et al. (2 more authors) (2022) Integration of a clinical pharmacist workforce into newly forming primary care networks:a qualitatively driven, complex systems analysis. BMJ Open. e066025. ISSN 2044-6055
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: The introduction of a new clinical pharmacist workforce via Primary Care Networks (PCNs) is a recent national policy development in the National Health Service in England. This study elicits the perspectives of people with responsibility for local implementation of this national policy package. Attention to local delivery is necessary to understand the contextual factors shaping the integration of the new clinical pharmacy workforce, and thus can be expected to influence future role development. DESIGN: A qualitative, interview study SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: PCN Clinical Directors and senior pharmacists across 17 PCNs in England (n=28) ANALYSIS: Interviews were transcribed, coded and organised using the framework method. Thematic analysis and complex systems modelling were then undertaken iteratively to develop the themes. RESULTS: Findings were organised into two overarching themes: (1) local organisational innovations of a national policy under conditions of uncertainty; and (2) local multiprofessional decision-making on clinical pharmacy workforce integration and initial task assignment. Although a phased implementation of the PCN package was planned, the findings suggest that processes of PCN formation and clinical pharmacist workforce integration were closely intertwined, with underpinning decisions taking place under conditions of considerable uncertainty and workforce pressures. CONCLUSIONS: National policy decisions that required General Practitioners to form PCNs at the same time as they integrated a new workforce risked undermining the potential of both PCNs and the new workforce. PCNs require time and support to fully form and integrate clinical pharmacists if successful role development is to occur. Efforts to incentivise delivery of PCN pharmacy services in future must be responsive to local capacity.
Metadata
Item Type: | Article |
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Authors/Creators: |
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Copyright, Publisher and Additional Information: | © Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2022. Re-use permitted under CC BY. Published by BMJ. |
Keywords: | Humans,Pharmacists,State Medicine,Pregnenolone Carbonitrile,Attitude of Health Personnel,Workforce,Primary Health Care,Systems Analysis |
Dates: |
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Institution: | The University of York |
Academic Units: | The University of York > Faculty of Sciences (York) > Health Sciences (York) |
Funding Information: | Funder Grant number NIHR-CCF RP-PG-0216-20002 |
Depositing User: | Pure (York) |
Date Deposited: | 02 Dec 2022 16:50 |
Last Modified: | 21 Dec 2024 00:23 |
Published Version: | https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2022-066025 |
Status: | Published |
Refereed: | Yes |
Identification Number: | 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-066025 |
Open Archives Initiative ID (OAI ID): | oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:194028 |