Buddle, J.E. and Fagan, R.P. orcid.org/0000-0002-8704-4828 (2023) Pathogenicity and virulence of Clostridioides difficile. Virulence, 14 (1). 2150452. ISSN 2150-5594
Abstract
Clostridioides difficile is the most common cause of nosocomial antibiotic-associated diarrhoea, and is responsible for a spectrum of diseases characterised by high levels of recurrence, morbidity and mortality. Treatment is complex, since antibiotics constitute both the main treatment and the major risk factor for infection. Worryingly, resistance to multiple antibiotics is becoming increasingly widespread, leading to classification of this pathogen as an urgent threat to global health. As a consummate opportunist, C. difficile is well-equipped for promoting disease, owing to its arsenal of virulence factors: transmission of this anaerobe is highly efficient due to formation of robust endospores, and an array of adhesins promote gut colonisation. C. difficile produces multiple toxins acting upon gut epithelia, resulting in manifestations typical of diarrhoeal disease, and severe inflammation in a subset of patients. This review focuses on such virulence factors, as well as the importance of antimicrobial resistance and genome plasticity in enabling pathogenesis and persistence of this important pathogen.
Metadata
Item Type: | Article |
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Authors/Creators: |
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Copyright, Publisher and Additional Information: | © 2022 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
Keywords: | C. difficile; Pathogenesis; Virulence factors; Antimicrobial resistance; Toxins; Biofilm; Spores; S-layer; CDI |
Dates: |
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Institution: | The University of Sheffield |
Academic Units: | The University of Sheffield > Faculty of Science (Sheffield) > School of Biosciences (Sheffield) |
Funding Information: | Funder Grant number WELLCOME TRUST (THE) 204877/Z/16/Z BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES RESEARCH COUNCIL BB/P02002X/1 |
Depositing User: | Symplectic Sheffield |
Date Deposited: | 21 Dec 2022 10:44 |
Last Modified: | 10 Feb 2023 14:14 |
Status: | Published |
Publisher: | Informa UK Limited |
Refereed: | Yes |
Identification Number: | 10.1080/21505594.2022.2150452 |
Related URLs: | |
Open Archives Initiative ID (OAI ID): | oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:193928 |
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