Koumpia, E, Oudmaijer, RD orcid.org/0000-0001-7703-3992, de Wit, W-J et al. (3 more authors) (2022) Tracing a decade of activity towards a yellow hypergiant. The spectral and spatial morphology of IRC+10420 at au scales. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 515 (2). pp. 2766-2777. ISSN 0035-8711
Abstract
The fate of a massive star during the latest stages of its evolution is highly dependent on its mass-loss history and geometry, with the yellow hypergiants being key objects. We present near-IR interferometric observations of the famous yellow hypergiant IRC +10420 and blue spectra taken between 1994-2019. Our 2.2 μm GRAVITY/VLTI observations attain a spatial resolution of ∼5 stellar radii and spatially resolve the hot emission in the K-band tracing the gas via Na I doublet emission and the Brγ emission. Our geometric modelling reveals a compact neutral zone (Na I) which is slightly larger than the continuum but within an extended Brγ emitting region. Our study confirms an hour-glass geometry of the wind, but we find no signature of a companion at 7-800 au separations at the contrast limit of our observations (3.7 mag at 3σ) to explain this geometry. We report an evolution of the ejecta over 7 years, and constrain the opening angle of the hour-glass to be <10○. Lastly, we present the first blue optical spectra of IRC +10420 since 1994. The multi-epoch data indicate that the spectral type, and thus temperature, of the object has essentially remained constant during the intervening years. Therefore, the observed increase in temperature of 2000 K in less than two decades prior to 1994 is now halted. This suggests that this yellow hypergiant has ‘hit’ the White Wall in the HR-diagram preventing it from evolving blue-wards, and will likely undergo a major mass-loss event in the near future.
Metadata
Item Type: | Article |
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Authors/Creators: |
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Copyright, Publisher and Additional Information: | This article has been accepted for publication in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society ©: 2022 The Author(s). Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Royal Astronomical Society. All rights reserved. |
Keywords: | stars: evolution, techniques: interferometric, stars: individual: IRC+10420, stars: mass-loss |
Dates: |
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Institution: | The University of Leeds |
Academic Units: | The University of Leeds > Faculty of Engineering & Physical Sciences (Leeds) > School of Physics and Astronomy (Leeds) > Astrophysics (Leeds) |
Funding Information: | Funder Grant number STFC (Science and Technology Facilities Council) ST/T000287/1 EU - European Union 823734 STFC (Science and Technology Facilities Council) ST/P00041X/1 |
Depositing User: | Symplectic Publications |
Date Deposited: | 02 Aug 2022 15:43 |
Last Modified: | 11 Aug 2022 14:04 |
Status: | Published |
Publisher: | Oxford University Press |
Identification Number: | 10.1093/mnras/stac1998 |
Open Archives Initiative ID (OAI ID): | oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:189585 |