Xu, C, Li, P, Li, Y et al. (3 more authors) (2022) Takeover Performance and Workload under Varying Automation Levels, Time Budget and Road Curvature. In: 2022 IEEE Asia-Pacific Conference on Image Processing, Electronics and Computers (IPEC). 2022 IEEE Asia-Pacific Conference on Image Processing, Electronics and Computers (IPEC), 14-16 Apr 2022, Dalian, China. IEEE , pp. 1379-1385. ISBN 978-1-6654-0902-5
Abstract
In SAE Level 2 (L2) and Level 3 (L3) automated driving, drivers are required to take over control from automation when reaching system boundaries. The length of time budget is the vital parameter that needs to be determined to ensure a safe takeover manner. Existing literature on this issue rarely considers potential interactions between time budget and other factors, and a variable time budget seemed to be paradoxical in critical unplanned transitions. To this end, this study investigated drivers’ takeover performance and workload under varying automation levels, time budget and road curvature. We employed the operational design domain (ODD) exiting event as the transition scenario where the ego car was about to leave the highway. Results showed that drivers in L3 takeovers performed worse and elicited higher workload than L2 when entering a curved ramp with a limited time budget. Takeovers when entering a curved ramp yielded worse performance and higher workload, as compared to entering a straight ramp. Such detrimental effects caused by loss of situation awareness (SA) and change of road curvature can be mitigated by increasing the length of time budget. All these findings suggest that even in simplified ODD exiting scenarios, the length of time budget should vary according to the state of the driver and the environment.
Metadata
Item Type: | Proceedings Paper |
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Authors/Creators: |
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Keywords: | Automated driving, Transition of control, Simulator experiment, Takeover Performance, Workload |
Dates: |
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Institution: | The University of Leeds |
Academic Units: | The University of Leeds > Faculty of Environment (Leeds) > Institute for Transport Studies (Leeds) > ITS: Safety and Technology (Leeds) |
Depositing User: | Symplectic Publications |
Date Deposited: | 30 Jun 2022 09:54 |
Last Modified: | 30 Jun 2022 09:54 |
Status: | Published |
Publisher: | IEEE |
Identification Number: | 10.1109/ipec54454.2022.9777353 |
Open Archives Initiative ID (OAI ID): | oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:188435 |