Impact of ethanol and butanol blends with gasoline on hybrid electric vehicle emissions from RDE and WLTP

This paper investigated hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) tailpipe emissions from biofuel blends E5, E10 and B10 compared to E0 gasoline over WLTC and RDE tests. The greatest benefit from biofuel blends is the reduction of particle number (PN) emissions from the WLTC tests, which decreased by 20~50%. E10 and B10 fuels reduced CO emissions significantly. A 30% reduction in NOx was observed during the cold start phase of WLTC and RDE tests. The benefits of biofuels reduced/ diminished for the second and third phases, especially for the RDE tests, indicating the complexity and influence of traffic/engine variables for the RDE.