Proctor, M.S., Sutherland, G.A. orcid.org/0000-0002-6319-4637, Canniffe, D.P. et al. (1 more author) (2022) The terminal enzymes of (bacterio)chlorophyll biosynthesis. Royal Society Open Science, 9 (5). 211903. ISSN 2054-5703
Abstract
(Bacterio)chlorophylls are modified tetrapyrroles that are used by phototrophic organisms to harvest solar energy, powering the metabolic processes that sustain most of the life on Earth. Biosynthesis of these pigments involves enzymatic modification of the side chains and oxidation state of a porphyrin precursor, modifications that differ by species and alter the absorption properties of the pigments. (Bacterio)chlorophylls are coordinated by proteins that form macromolecular assemblies to absorb light and transfer excitation energy to a special pair of redox-active (bacterio)chlorophyll molecules in the photosynthetic reaction centre. Assembly of these pigment–protein complexes is aided by an isoprenoid moiety esterified to the (bacterio)chlorin macrocycle, which anchors and stabilizes the pigments within their protein scaffolds. The reduction of the isoprenoid ‘tail’ and its addition to the macrocycle are the final stages in (bacterio)chlorophyll biosynthesis and are catalysed by two enzymes, geranylgeranyl reductase and (bacterio)chlorophyll synthase. These enzymes work in conjunction with photosynthetic complex assembly factors and the membrane biogenesis machinery to synchronize delivery of the pigments to the proteins that coordinate them. In this review, we summarize current understanding of the catalytic mechanism, substrate recognition and regulation of these crucial enzymes and their involvement in thylakoid biogenesis and photosystem repair in oxygenic phototrophs.
Metadata
Item Type: | Article |
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Authors/Creators: |
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Copyright, Publisher and Additional Information: | © 2022 The Authors. Published by the Royal Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/, which permits unrestricted use, provided the original author and source are credited. |
Keywords: | (bacterio)chlorophyll; chlorophyll synthase; ChlG; geranylgeranyl reductase; ChlP; photosynthesis |
Dates: |
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Institution: | The University of Sheffield |
Academic Units: | The University of Sheffield > Faculty of Science (Sheffield) > School of Biosciences (Sheffield) |
Funding Information: | Funder Grant number ROYAL SOCIETY URF\R1\191548 ROYAL SOCIETY RF\ERE\210279 |
Depositing User: | Symplectic Sheffield |
Date Deposited: | 16 May 2022 16:40 |
Last Modified: | 10 Feb 2023 14:13 |
Status: | Published |
Publisher: | Royal Society |
Refereed: | Yes |
Identification Number: | 10.1098/rsos.211903 |
Open Archives Initiative ID (OAI ID): | oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:186861 |