Al Juffali, Lobna Abdullah, Knapp, Peter orcid.org/0000-0001-5904-8699, Al-Aqeel, Sinaa et al. (1 more author) (2019) Medication safety problems priorities in community pharmacy in Saudi Arabia:a multi-stakeholder Delphi study using the human factors framework. BMJ Open. e032419. ISSN 2044-6055
Abstract
AIM: To achieve multi-stakeholder consensus and prioritisation of medication safety problems in community pharmacies in Saudi Arabia. DESIGN AND INTERVENTION: A theoretically-underpinned, three-round Delphi study. SETTING: Saudi Arabia. PARTICIPANTS: Patients and public (pharmacy users), pharmacy-related professionals (policymakers, academics, medication safety officers and pharmacy owners) and community pharmacists. METHODS: Round 1 comprised 84 statements derived from a qualitative study. The items were grouped according to the Human Factors Framework (HFF). Rounds 1 and 2 aimed to achieve consensus, 6-point Likert response scale (agreement/disagreement) was used. Round 3 aimed to prioritise the items for which consensus was achieved in Rounds 1 and 2 indicated on a 5-point scale (very important to unimportant). Consensus was predefined as any item that achieved ≥70%. RESULTS: The number of respondents in Rounds 1, 2 and 3 was 161, 120 and 112, respectively. In all three rounds, the majority of respondents were pharmacy users (Round 1 77% (n=124), Round 2 74% (n=89), Round 3 72% (n=81)). Consensus was achieved with 28/84 items. The top five medication safety priorities were: lack of pharmacy facilities such as counselling area, lack of communication between pharmacists and physicians, lack of patient databases, lack of post-registration pharmacist education and pharmacists' long working hours. The professional and pharmacy user groups achieved consensus on similar items through different categories of the HFFs. Community pharmacists had the highest percentage of consensus among the three groups for factors related to work, such as high workload and low salaries. CONCLUSION: This multi-stakeholder study used the HFF to identify and prioritise the main medication safety challenges facing community pharmacy in Saudi Arabia. It indicates the need for changes to practice and policy and further research to address these priorities and promote medication safety at an individual, pharmacy and population level.
Metadata
Item Type: | Article |
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Authors/Creators: |
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Copyright, Publisher and Additional Information: | © Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2019. |
Keywords: | Adult,Community Pharmacy Services,Delphi Technique,Female,Humans,Male,Medication Errors/prevention & control,Patient Safety,Saudi Arabia |
Dates: |
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Institution: | The University of York |
Academic Units: | The University of York > Faculty of Sciences (York) > Hull York Medical School (York) |
Depositing User: | Pure (York) |
Date Deposited: | 30 Mar 2022 11:50 |
Last Modified: | 16 Oct 2024 18:19 |
Published Version: | https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-032419 |
Status: | Published |
Refereed: | Yes |
Identification Number: | 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-032419 |
Open Archives Initiative ID (OAI ID): | oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:185276 |
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Description: Medication safety problems priorities in community pharmacy in Saudi Arabia: a multi-stakeholder Delphi study using the human factors framework
Licence: CC-BY-NC 2.5