Kalinin, Sergei V., Ophus, Colin, Voyles, Paul M. et al. (13 more authors) (2022) Machine learning in scanning transmission electron microscopy. Nature Reviews Methods Primers. 11. ISSN 2662-8449
Abstract
Scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) has emerged as a uniquely powerful tool for structural and functional imaging of materials on the atomic level. Driven by advances in aberration correction, STEM now allows the routine imaging of structures with single-digit picometre-level precision for localization of atomic units. This Primer focuses on the opportunities emerging at the interface between STEM and machine learning (ML) methods. We review the primary STEM imaging methods, including structural imaging, electron energy loss spectroscopy and its momentum-resolved modalities and 4D-STEM. We discuss the quantification of STEM structural data as a necessary step towards meaningful ML applications and its analysis in terms of the relevant physics and chemistry. We show examples of the opportunities offered by structural STEM imaging in elucidating the chemistry and physics of complex materials and how the latter connect to first-principles and phase-field models to yield consistent interpretation of generative physics. We present the critical infrastructural needs for the broad adoption of ML methods in the STEM community, including the storage of data and metadata to allow the reproduction of experiments. Finally, we discuss the application of ML to automating experiments and novel scanning modes.
Metadata
Item Type: | Article |
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Authors/Creators: |
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Copyright, Publisher and Additional Information: | This is an author-produced version of the published paper. Uploaded in accordance with the publisher’s self-archiving policy. Further copying may not be permitted; contact the publisher for details |
Dates: |
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Institution: | The University of York |
Academic Units: | The University of York > Faculty of Sciences (York) > Physics (York) The University of York > Faculty of Social Sciences (York) > Economics and Related Studies (York) |
Depositing User: | Pure (York) |
Date Deposited: | 09 Mar 2022 16:50 |
Last Modified: | 02 Apr 2025 23:23 |
Published Version: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s43586-022-00095-w |
Status: | Published |
Refereed: | Yes |
Identification Number: | 10.1038/s43586-022-00095-w |
Open Archives Initiative ID (OAI ID): | oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:184557 |
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