Cimprich, Alexander, Young, Steven, Schrijvers, Dieuwertje et al. (13 more authors) (2022) The role of industrial actors in the circular economy for critical raw materials: A framework with case studies across a range of industries. Mineral Economics. ISSN 2191-2211
Abstract
In this article, we explore concrete examples of circularity strategies for critical raw materials (CRMs) in commercial settings. We propose a company-level framework for systematically evaluating circularity strategies (e.g., materials recycling, product reuse, and product or component lifetime extension) in specific applications of CRMs from the perspectives of specific industrial actors. This framework is applied in qualitative analyses – informed by relevant literature and expert consultation – of five case studies across a range of industries: (1) rhenium in high-pressure turbine components, (2) platinum group metals in industrial catalysts for chemical processing and oil refining, (3) rare-earth permanent magnets in computer hard disk drives, (4) various CRMs in consumer electronics, and (5) helium in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) machines. Drawing from these case studies, three broader observations can be made about company circularity strategies for CRMs. Firstly, there are multiple, partly competing motivations that influence the adoption of circularity strategies, including cost savings, supply security, and external stakeholder pressure. Secondly, business models and value-chain structure play a major role in the implementation of circularity strategies; business-to-business models appear to be more conducive to circularity than business-to-consumer models. Finally, it is important to distinguish between closed-loop circularity, in which material flows are contained within the “focal” actor’s system boundary, and open-loop circularity, in which material flows cross the system boundary, as the latter has limited potential for mitigating materials criticality from the perspective of the focal actor.
Metadata
Item Type: | Article |
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Authors/Creators: |
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Copyright, Publisher and Additional Information: | © The Author(s) 2022 |
Dates: |
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Institution: | The University of York |
Academic Units: | The University of York > Faculty of Sciences (York) > Electronic Engineering (York) |
Depositing User: | Pure (York) |
Date Deposited: | 07 Feb 2022 09:30 |
Last Modified: | 08 Nov 2024 01:25 |
Published Version: | https://doi.org/10.1007/s13563-022-00304-8 |
Status: | Published |
Refereed: | Yes |
Identification Number: | 10.1007/s13563-022-00304-8 |
Open Archives Initiative ID (OAI ID): | oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:183317 |
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