A Snapshot of New Zealand's Dynamic Deformation Field From Envisat InSAR and GNSS Observations Between 2003 and 2011

Abstract

Measuring the deformation at the Earth's surface over a range of spatial and temporal scales is vital for understanding seismic hazard, detecting volcanic unrest, and assessing the effects of vertical land movements (VLMs) on sea level rise. Here, we combine ∼10 years of Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) observations from Envisat with interseismic campaign and continuous GNSS velocities to build a high-resolution velocity field of New Zealand. Exploiting the horizontal GNSS observations, we estimate the vertical component of the deformation to provide the VLM for the entire 15,000-km-long coastline. The estimated vertical rates show large variability around the country as a result of volcanic, tectonic, and anthropogenic sources. Interseismic subsidence is observed in Kaikoura region supporting models of at least partial locking of the southern Hikurangi subduction interface. Despite data challenges in the mountainous regions from landslides, sediment compaction, and glaciers, InSAR data shows localized uplift of the Southern Alps.

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Item Type:	Article
Authors/Creators:	Hamling, IJ Wright, TJ https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8338-5935 Hreinsdóttir, S Wallace, LM
Copyright, Publisher and Additional Information:	© 2022. American Geophysical Union. This is the version of record of the following article: Hamling, I. J., Wright, T. J., Hreinsdóttir, S., & Wallace, L. M. (2022). A snapshot of New Zealand's dynamic deformation field from Envisat InSAR and GNSS observations between 2003 and 2011. Geophysical Research Letters, 49, e2021GL096465, which has been published in final form at https://doi.org/10.1029/2021GL096465. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Use of Self-Archived Versions. This article may not be enhanced, enriched or otherwise transformed into a derivative work, without express permission from Wiley or by statutory rights under applicable legislation. Copyright notices must not be removed, obscured or modified. The article must be linked to Wiley’s version of record on Wiley Online Library and any embedding, framing or otherwise making available the article or pages thereof by third parties from platforms, services and websites other than Wiley Online Library must be prohibited.
Keywords:	New Zealand; deformation; InSAR; sea level rise; VLM
Dates:	Published: 28 January 2022 Published (online): 10 January 2022 Accepted: 6 December 2021
Institution:	The University of Leeds
Academic Units:	The University of Leeds > Faculty of Environment (Leeds) > School of Earth and Environment (Leeds) > Inst of Geophysics and Tectonics (IGT) (Leeds)
Funding Information:	Funder Grant number British Geological Survey No External Reference NERC (Natural Environment Research Council) GA/13M/031 NERC (Natural Environment Research Council) NE/K010867/1
Depositing User:	Symplectic Publications
Date Deposited:	21 Jan 2022 12:22
Last Modified:	10 Jul 2022 00:14
Status:	Published
Publisher:	Wiley
Identification Number:	10.1029/2021gl096465
Open Archives Initiative ID (OAI ID):	oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:182695

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A Snapshot of New Zealand's Dynamic Deformation Field From Envisat InSAR and GNSS Observations Between 2003 and 2011

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