A gravitational-wave measurement of the Hubble constant following the second observing run of Advanced LIGO and Virgo

Abstract

This paper presents the gravitational-wave measurement of the Hubble constant (H0) using the detections from the first and second observing runs of the Advanced LIGO and Virgo detector network. The presence of the transient electromagnetic counterpart of the binary neutron star GW170817 led to the first standard-siren measurement of H0. Here we additionally use binary black hole detections in conjunction with galaxy catalogs and report a joint measurement. Our updated measurement is H0 = ${69}_{-8}^{+16}$ km s−1 Mpc−1 (68.3% of the highest density posterior interval with a flat-in-log prior) which is an improvement by a factor of 1.04 (about 4%) over the GW170817-only value of ${69}_{-8}^{+17}$ km s−1 Mpc−1. A significant additional contribution currently comes from GW170814, a loud and well-localized detection from a part of the sky thoroughly covered by the Dark Energy Survey. With numerous detections anticipated over the upcoming years, an exhaustive understanding of other systematic effects are also going to become increasingly important. These results establish the path to cosmology using gravitational-wave observations with and without transient electromagnetic counterparts.

Metadata

Item Type:	Article
Authors/Creators:	Abbott, BP Abbott, R Abbott, TD Abraham, S Acernese, F Ackley, K Adams, C Adhikari, RX Adya, VB Affeldt, C Agathos, M Agatsuma, K Aggarwal, N Aguiar, OD Aiello, L Ain, A Ajith, P Allen, G Allocca, A Aloy, MA Altin, PA Amato, A Anand, S Ananyeva, A Anderson, SB Anderson, WG Angelova, SV Antier, S Appert, S Arai, K Araya, MC Areeda, JS Arène, M Arnaud, N Aronson, SM Arun, KG Ascenzi, S Ashton, G Aston, SM Astone, P Aubin, F Aufmuth, P AultONeal, K Austin, C Avendano, V Avila-Alvarez, A Babak, S Bacon, P Badaracco, F Bader, MKM Bae, S Baird, J Baker, PT Baldaccini, F Ballardin, G Ballmer, SW Bals, A Banagiri, S Barayoga, JC Barbieri, C Barclay, SE Barish, BC Barker, D Barkett, K Barnum, S Barone, F Barr, B Barsotti, L Barsuglia, M Barta, D Bartlett, J Bartos, I Bassiri, R Basti, A Bawaj, M Bayley, JC Bazzan, M Bécsy, B Bejger, M Belahcene, I Bell, AS Beniwal, D Benjamin, MG Berger, BK Bergmann, G Bernuzzi, S Berry, CPL Bersanetti, D Bertolini, A Betzwieser, J Bhandare, R Bidler, J Biggs, E Bilenko, IA Bilgili, SA Billingsley, G Birney, R Birnholtz, O Biscans, S Bischi, M Biscoveanu, S Bisht, A Bitossi, M Bizouard, MA Blackburn, JK Blackman, J Blair, CD Blair, DG Blair, RM Bloemen, S Bobba, F Bode, N Boer, M Boetzel, Y Bogaert, G Bondu, F Bonnand, R Booker, P Boom, BA Bork, R Boschi, V Bose, S Bossilkov, V Bosveld, J Bouffanais, Y Bozzi, A Bradaschia, C Brady, PR Bramley, A Branchesi, M Brau, JE Breschi, M Briant, T Briggs, JH Brighenti, F Brillet, A Brinkmann, M Brockill, P Brooks, AF Brooks, J Brown, DD Brunett, S Buikema, A Bulik, T Bulten, HJ Buonanno, A Buskulic, D Buy, C Byer, RL Cabero, M Cadonati, L Cagnoli, G Cahillane, C Bustillo, JC Callister, TA Calloni, E Camp, JB Campbell, WA Canepa, M Cannon, KC Cao, H Cao, J Carapella, G Carbognani, F Caride, S Carney, MF Carullo, G Diaz, JC Casentini, C Caudill, S Cavaglià, M Cavalier, F Cavalieri, R Cella, G Cerdá-Durán, P Cesarini, E Chaibi, O Chakravarti, K Chamberlin, SJ Chan, M Chao, S Charlton, P Chase, EA Chassande-Mottin, E Chatterjee, D Chaturvedi, M Cheeseboro, BD Chen, HY Chen, X Chen, Y Cheng, H-P Cheong, CK Chia, HY Chiadini, F Chincarini, A Chiummo, A Cho, G Cho, HS Cho, M Christensen, N Chu, Q Chua, S Chung, KW Chung, S Ciani, G Cieślar, M Ciobanu, AA Ciolfi, R Cipriano, F Cirone, A Clara, F Clark, JA Clearwater, P Cleva, F Coccia, E Cohadon, P-F Cohen, D Colleoni, M Collette, CG Collins, C Colpi, M Cominsky, LR Constancio, M Conti, L Cooper, SJ Corban, P Corbitt, TR Cordero-Carrión, I Corezzi, S Corley, KR Cornish, N Corre, D Corsi, A Cortese, S Costa, CA Cotesta, R Coughlin, MW Coughlin, SB Coulon, J-P Countryman, ST Couvares, P Covas, PB Cowan, EE Coward, DM Cowart, MJ Coyne, DC Coyne, R Creighton, JDE Creighton, TD Cripe, J Croquette, M Crowder, SG Cullen, TJ Cumming, A Cunningham, L Cuoco, E Dal Canton, T Dálya, G D’Angelo, B Danilishin, SL D’Antonio, S Danzmann, K Dasgupta, A Da Silva Costa, CF Datrier, LEH Dattilo, V Dave, I Davier, M Davis, D Daw, EJ https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3780-5430 DeBra, D Deenadayalan, M Degallaix, J De Laurentis, M Deléglise, S Pozzo, WD DeMarchi, LM Demos, N Dent, T De Pietri, R De Rosa, R De Rossi, C DeSalvo, R de Varona, O Dhurandhar, S Díaz, MC Dietrich, T Di Fiore, L DiFronzo, C Di Giorgio, C Di Giovanni, F Di Giovanni, M Di Girolamo, T Di Lieto, A Ding, B Di Pace, S Di Palma, I Di Renzo, F Divakarla, AK Dmitriev, A Doctor, Z Donovan, F Dooley, KL Doravari, S Dorrington, I Downes, TP Drago, M Driggers, JC Du, Z Ducoin, J-G Dupej, P Durante, O Dwyer, SE Easter, PJ Eddolls, G Edo, TB Effler, A Ehrens, P Eichholz, J Eikenberry, SS Eisenmann, M Eisenstein, RA Errico, L Essick, RC Estelles, H Estevez, D Etienne, ZB Etzel, T Evans, M Evans, TM Fafone, V Fairhurst, S Fan, X Farinon, S Farr, B Farr, WM Fauchon-Jones, EJ Favata, M Fays, M Fazio, M Fee, C Feicht, J Fejer, MM Feng, F Fernandez-Galiana, A Ferrante, I Ferreira, EC Ferreira, TA Fidecaro, F Fiori, I Fiorucci, D Fishbach, M Fisher, RP Fishner, JM Fittipaldi, R Fitz-Axen, M Fiumara, V Flaminio, R Fletcher, M Floden, E Flynn, E Fong, H Font, JA Forsyth, PWF Fournier, J-D Vivanco, FH Frasca, S Frasconi, F Frei, Z Freise, A Frey, R Frey, V Fritschel, P Frolov, VV Fronzè, G Fulda, P Fyffe, M Gabbard, HA Gadre, BU Gaebel, SM Gair, JR Gammaitoni, L Gaonkar, SG García-Quirós, C Garufi, F Gateley, B Gaudio, S Gaur, G Gayathri, V Gemme, G Genin, E Gennai, A George, D George, J Gergely, L Ghonge, S Ghosh, A Ghosh, A Ghosh, S Giacomazzo, B Giaime, JA Giardina, KD Gibson, DR Gill, K Glover, L Gniesmer, J Godwin, P Goetz, E Goetz, R Goncharov, B González, G Gonzalez Castro, JM Gopakumar, A Gossan, SE Gosselin, M Gouaty, R Grace, B Grado, A Granata, M Grant, A Gras, S Grassia, P Gray, C Gray, R Greco, G Green, AC Green, R Gretarsson, EM Grimaldi, A Grimm, SJ Groot, P Grote, H Grunewald, S Gruning, P Guidi, GM Gulati, HK Guo, Y Gupta, A Gupta, A Gupta, P Gustafson, EK Gustafson, R Haegel, L Halim, O Hall, BR Hall, ED Hamilton, EZ Hammond, G Haney, M Hanke, MM Hanks, J Hanna, C Hannam, MD Hannuksela, OA Hansen, TJ Hanson, J Harder, T Hardwick, T Haris, K Harms, J Harry, GM Harry, IW Hasskew, RK Haster, CJ Haughian, K Hayes, FJ Healy, J Heidmann, A Heintze, MC Heitmann, H Hellman, F Hello, P Hemming, G Hendry, M Heng, IS Hennig, J Heurs, M Hild, S Hinderer, T Hochheim, S Hofman, D Holgado, AM Holland, NA Holt, K Holz, DE Hopkins, P Horst, C Hough, J Howell, EJ Hoy, CG Huang, Y Hübner, MT Huerta, EA Huet, D Hughey, B Hui, V Husa, S Huttner, SH Huynh-Dinh, T Idzkowski, B Iess, A Inchauspe, H Ingram, C Inta, R Intini, G Irwin, B Isa, HN Isac, J-M Isi, M Iyer, BR Jacqmin, T Jadhav, SJ Jani, K Janthalur, NN Jaranowski, P Jariwala, D Jenkins, AC Jiang, J Johnson, DS Jones, AW Jones, DI Jones, JD Jones, R Jonker, RJG Ju, L Junker, J Kalaghatgi, CV Kalogera, V Kamai, B Kandhasamy, S Kang, G Kanner, JB Kapadia, SJ Karathanasis, C Karki, S Kashyap, R Kasprzack, M Katsanevas, S Katsavounidis, E Katzman, W Kaufer, S Kawabe, K Keerthana, NV Kéfélian, F Keitel, D Kennedy, R Key, JS Khalili, FY Khan, I Khan, S Khazanov, EA Khetan, N Khursheed, M Kijbunchoo, N Kim, C Kim, JC Kim, K Kim, W Kim, WS Kim, Y-M Kimball, C King, PJ Kinley-Hanlon, M Kirchhoff, R Kissel, JS Kleybolte, L Klika, JH Klimenko, S Knowles, TD Koch, P Koehlenbeck, SM Koekoek, G Koley, S Kondrashov, V Kontos, A Koper, N Korobko, M Korth, WZ Kovalam, M Kozak, DB Krämer, C Kringel, V Krishnendu, N Królak, A Krupinski, N Kuehn, G Kumar, A Kumar, P Kumar, R Kumar, R Kuo, L Kutynia, A Kwang, S Lackey, BD Laghi, D Lai, KH Lam, TL Landry, M Lane, BB Lang, RN Lange, J Lantz, B Lanza, RK Lartaux-Vollard, A Lasky, PD Laxen, M Lazzarini, A Lazzaro, C Leaci, P Leavey, S Lecoeuche, YK Lee, CH Lee, HK Lee, HM Lee, HW Lee, J Lee, K Lehmann, J Lenon, AK Leroy, N Letendre, N Levin, Y Li, A Li, J Li, KJL Li, TGF Li, X Lin, F Linde, F Linker, SD Littenberg, TB Liu, J Liu, X Llorens-Monteagudo, M Lo, RKL London, LT Longo, A Lorenzini, M Loriette, V Lormand, M Losurdo, G Lough, JD Lousto, CO Lovelace, G Lower, ME Lück, H Lumaca, D Lundgren, AP Lynch, R Ma, Y Macas, R Macfoy, S MacInnis, M Macleod, DM Macquet, A Hernandez, IM Magaña-Sandoval, F Magee, RM Majorana, E Maksimovic, I Malik, A Man, N Mandic, V Mangano, V Mansell, GL Manske, M Mantovani, M Mapelli, M Marchesoni, F Marion, F Márka, S Márka, Z Markakis, C Markosyan, AS Markowitz, A Maros, E Marquina, A Marsat, S Martelli, F Martin, IW Martin, RM Martinez, V Martynov, DV Masalehdan, H Mason, K Massera, E Masserot, A Massinger, TJ Masso-Reid, M Mastrogiovanni, S Matas, A Matichard, F Matone, L Mavalvala, N McCann, JJ McCarthy, R McClelland, DE McCormick, S McCuller, L McGuire, SC McIsaac, C McIver, J McManus, DJ McRae, T McWilliams, ST Meacher, D Meadors, GD Mehmet, M Mehta, AK Meidam, J Villa, EM Melatos, A Mendell, G Mercer, RA Mereni, L Merfeld, K Merilh, EL Merzougui, M Meshkov, S Messenger, C Messick, C Messina, F Metzdorff, R Meyers, PM Meylahn, F Miani, A Miao, H Michel, C Middleton, H Milano, L Miller, AL Millhouse, M Mills, JC Milovich-Goff, MC Minazzoli, O Minenkov, Y Mishkin, A Mishra, C Mistry, T Mitra, S Mitrofanov, VP Mitselmakher, G Mittleman, R Mo, G Moffa, D Mogushi, K Mohapatra, SRP Molina-Ruiz, M Mondin, M Montani, M Moore, CJ Moraru, D Morawski, F Moreno, G Morisaki, S Mours, B Mow-Lowry, CM Muciaccia, F Mukherjee, A Mukherjee, D Mukherjee, S Mukherjee, S Mukund, N Mullavey, A Munch, J Muñiz, EA Muratore, M Murray, PG Nagar, A Nardecchia, I Naticchioni, L Nayak, RK Neil, BF Neilson, J Nelemans, G Nelson, TJN Nery, M Neunzert, A Nevin, L Ng, KY Ng, S Nguyen, C Nguyen, P Nichols, D Nichols, SA Nissanke, S Nocera, F North, C Nuttall, LK Obergaulinger, M Oberling, J O’Brien, BD Oganesyan, G Ogin, GH Oh, JJ Oh, SH Ohme, F Ohta, H Okada, MA Oliver, M Oppermann, P Oram, RJ O’Reilly, B Ormiston, RG Ortega, LF O’Shaughnessy, R Ossokine, S Ottaway, DJ Overmier, H Owen, BJ Pace, AE Pagano, G Page, MA Pagliaroli, G Pai, A Pai, SA Palamos, JR Palashov, O Palomba, C Pan, H Panda, PK Pang, PTH Pankow, C Pannarale, F Pant, BC Paoletti, F Paoli, A Parida, A Parker, W Pascucci, D Pasqualetti, A Passaquieti, R Passuello, D Patil, M Patricelli, B Payne, E Pearlstone, BL Pechsiri, TC Pedersen, AJ Pedraza, M Pedurand, R Pele, A Penn, S Perego, A Perez, CJ Périgois, C Perreca, A Petermann, J Pfeiffer, HP Phelps, M Phukon, KS Piccinni, OJ Pichot, M Piergiovanni, F Pierro, V Pillant, G Pinard, L Pinto, IM Pirello, M Pitkin, M Plastino, W Poggiani, R Pong, DYT Ponrathnam, S Popolizio, P Porter, EK Powell, J Prajapati, AK Prasad, J Prasai, K Prasanna, R Pratten, G Prestegard, T Principe, M Prodi, GA Prokhorov, L Punturo, M Puppo, P Pürrer, M Qi, H Quetschke, V Quinonez, PJ Raab, FJ Raaijmakers, G Radkins, H Radulesco, N Raffai, P Raja, S Rajan, C Rajbhandari, B Rakhmanov, M Ramirez, KE Ramos-Buades, A Rana, J Rao, K Rapagnani, P Raymond, V Razzano, M Read, J Regimbau, T Rei, L Reid, S Reitze, DH Rettegno, P Ricci, F Richardson, CJ Richardson, JW Ricker, PM Riemenschneider, G Riles, K Rizzo, M Robertson, NA Robinet, F Rocchi, A Rolland, L Rollins, JG Roma, VJ Romanelli, M Romano, J Romano, R Romel, CL Romie, JH Rose, CA Rose, D Rose, K Rosińska, D Rosofsky, SG Ross, MP Rowan, S Rüdiger, A Ruggi, P Rutins, G Ryan, K Sachdev, S Sadecki, T Sakellariadou, M Salafia, OS Salconi, L Saleem, M Samajdar, A Sammut, L Sanchez, EJ Sanchez, LE Sanchis-Gual, N Sanders, JR Santiago, KA Santos, E Sarin, N Sassolas, B Sathyaprakash, BS Sauter, O Savage, RL Schale, P Scheel, M Scheuer, J Schmidt, P Schnabel, R Schofield, RMS Schönbeck, A Schreiber, E Schulte, BW Schutz, BF Scott, J Scott, SM Seidel, E Sellers, D Sengupta, AS Sennett, N Sentenac, D Sequino, V Sergeev, A Setyawati, Y Shaddock, DA Shaffer, T Shahriar, MS Shaner, MB Sharma, A Sharma, P Shawhan, P Shen, H Shink, R Shoemaker, DH Shoemaker, DM Shukla, K ShyamSundar, S Siellez, K Sieniawska, M Sigg, D Singer, LP Singh, D Singh, N Singhal, A Sintes, AM Sitmukhambetov, S Skliris, V Slagmolen, BJJ Slaven-Blair, TJ Smith, JR Smith, RJE Somala, S Son, EJ Soni, S Sorazu, B Sorrentino, F Souradeep, T Sowell, E Spencer, AP Spera, M Srivastava, AK Srivastava, V Staats, K Stachie, C Standke, M Steer, DA Steinke, M Steinlechner, J Steinlechner, S Steinmeyer, D Stevenson, SP Stocks, D Stone, R Stops, DJ Strain, KA Stratta, G Strigin, SE Strunk, A Sturani, R Stuver, AL Sudhir, V Summerscales, TZ Sun, L Sunil, S Sur, A Suresh, J Sutton, PJ Swinkels, BL Szczepańczyk, MJ Tacca, M Tait, SC Talbot, C Tanner, DB Tao, D Tápai, M Tapia, A Tasson, JD Taylor, R Tenorio, R Terkowski, L Thomas, M Thomas, P Thondapu, SR Thorne, KA Thrane, E Tiwari, S Tiwari, S Tiwari, V Toland, K Tonelli, M Tornasi, Z Torres-Forné, A Torrie, CI Töyrä, D Travasso, F Traylor, G Tringali, MC Tripathee, A Trovato, A Trozzo, L Tsang, KW Tse, M Tso, R Tsukada, L Tsuna, D Tsutsui, T Tuyenbayev, D Ueno, K Ugolini, D Unnikrishnan, CS Urban, AL Usman, SA Vahlbruch, H Vajente, G Valdes, G Valentini, M Bakel, NV Beuzekom, MV Brand, JFJVD Broeck, CVD Vander-Hyde, DC Schaaf, LVD VanHeijningen, JV Veggel, AAV Vardaro, M Varma, V Vass, S Vasúth, M Vecchio, A Vedovato, G Veitch, J Veitch, PJ Venkateswara, K Venugopalan, G Verkindt, D Vetrano, F Viceré, A Viets, AD Vinciguerra, S Vine, DJ Vinet, J-Y Vitale, S Vo, T Vocca, H Vorvick, C Vyatchanin, SP Wade, AR Wade, LE Wade, M Walet, R Walker, M Wallace, L Walsh, S Wang, H Wang, JZ Wang, S Wang, WH Wang, YF Ward, RL Warden, ZA Warner, J Was, M Watchi, J Weaver, B Wei, L-W Weinert, M Weinstein, AJ Weiss, R Wellmann, F Wen, L Wessel, EK Weßels, P Westhouse, JW Wette, K Whelan, JT Whiting, BF Whittle, C Wilken, DM Williams, D Williamson, AR Willis, JL Willke, B Winkler, W Wipf, CC Wittel, H Woan, G Woehler, J Wofford, JK Wright, JL Wu, DS Wysocki, DM Xiao, S Xu, R Yamamoto, H Yancey, CC Yang, L Yang, Y Yang, Z Yap, MJ Yazback, M Yeeles, DW Yu, H Yu, H Yuen, SHR Zadrożny, AK Zadrożny, A Zanolin, M Zelenova, T Zendri, J-P Zevin, M Zhang, J Zhang, L Zhang, T Zhao, C Zhao, G Zhou, M Zhou, Z Zhu, XJ Zimmerman, AB Zucker, ME Zweizig, J
Copyright, Publisher and Additional Information:	© 2021. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society. Original content from this work may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 licence. (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) Any further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the title of the work, journal citation and DOI.
Keywords:	Gravitational wave astronomy; Hubble constant
Dates:	Accepted: 11 December 2020 Published (online): 19 March 2021 Published: 10 March 2021
Institution:	The University of Sheffield
Academic Units:	The University of Sheffield > Faculty of Science (Sheffield) > Department of Physics and Astronomy (Sheffield)
Depositing User:	Symplectic Sheffield
Date Deposited:	22 Dec 2021 14:37
Last Modified:	03 Jun 2024 10:13
Status:	Published
Publisher:	American Astronomical Society
Refereed:	Yes
Identification Number:	10.3847/1538-4357/abdcb7
Related URLs:	arXiv URL Erratum/Corrigendum
Open Archives Initiative ID (OAI ID):	oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:181845

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A gravitational-wave measurement of the Hubble constant following the second observing run of Advanced LIGO and Virgo

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