Hakkim, Haseeb, Kumar, Ashish orcid.org/0000-0003-0057-7574, Annadate, Saurabh et al. (2 more authors) (2021) RTEII:A new high-resolution (0.1° × 0.1°) road transport emission inventory for India of 74 speciated NMVOCs, CO, NOx, NH3, CH4, CO2, PM2.5 reveals massive overestimation of NOx and CO and missing nitromethane emissions by existing inventories. Atmospheric Environment: X. 100118. ISSN 2590-1621
Abstract
21 of 30 most polluted cities for particulate matter (PM2.5) are in India, yet the distribution, identity and emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from traffic, which are PM2.5 and ozone precursors, remain unknown. Here, we measured emission factors (EFs) of 74 VOCs from a range of Indian vehicle-technology and fuel types. When combined with 0.1 ° × 0.1 ° spatially resolved activity data for the year 2015, toluene (137 ± 39 Gg yr1), isopentane (111 ± 38 Ggyr−1), and acetaldehyde (41 ± 6 Ggyr−1) were top 3-VOC emissions. Petrol-2-wheelers and LPG-3-wheelers emitted the highest VOCs (EFs> 50 gVOC/L) and had highest secondary pollutant formation potential, so their replacement with electric vehicles would improve air quality. EDGARv4.3.2 and REASv.2.1 emission inventories overestimated total road sector emitted VOCs due to obsolete EFs and activity data, in particular over-estimating ethene, propene, ethyl benzene, 2,2- dimethyl butane, CO, NOx while significantly under-estimating acetaldehyde. Nitromethane emissions were missing from previous inventories and with isocyanic acid and benzene contributed significantly to toxic emissions (summed total ~41 ± 4 Ggyr−1). Knowledge of key VOCs emitted from the world's third largest road-network provides critical new data for mitigating secondary pollutant formation over India and will enable more accurate modelling of atmospheric composition over South Asia.
Metadata
Item Type: | Article |
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Authors/Creators: |
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Copyright, Publisher and Additional Information: | © 2021 The Authors Funding Information: This research has been supported by the National Mission on Strategic knowledge for Climate Change (NMSKCC) MRDP Program of the Department of Science and Technology, India vide grant (SPLICE; grant no: DST/CCP/MRDP/100/2017(G) . |
Keywords: | Acetaldehyde,Air quality,Emission inventory,India,Road transport,VOC |
Dates: |
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Institution: | The University of York |
Academic Units: | The University of York > Faculty of Sciences (York) > Chemistry (York) |
Depositing User: | Pure (York) |
Date Deposited: | 16 Dec 2021 15:30 |
Last Modified: | 16 Oct 2024 18:05 |
Published Version: | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aeaoa.2021.100118 |
Status: | Published online |
Refereed: | Yes |
Identification Number: | 10.1016/j.aeaoa.2021.100118 |
Related URLs: | |
Open Archives Initiative ID (OAI ID): | oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:181703 |
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