Aikawa, Y, Cataldi, G, Yamato, Y et al. (25 more authors) (2021) Molecules with ALMA at Planet-forming Scales (MAPS). XIII. HCO+ and Disk Ionization Structure. The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, 257 (1). 13. ISSN 0067-0049
Abstract
We observed HCO+ J = 1 − 0 and H13CO+ J = 1 − 0 emission toward the five protoplanetary disks around IM Lup, GM Aur, AS 209, HD 163296, and MWC 480 as part of the MAPS project. HCO+ is detected and mapped at 0farcs3 resolution in all five disks, while H13CO+ is detected (S/N > 6σ) toward GM Aur and HD 163296 and tentatively detected (S/N > 3σ) toward the other disks by a matched filter analysis. Inside a radius of R ∼ 100 au, the HCO+ column density is flat or shows a central dip. At outer radii (≳100 au), the HCO+ column density decreases outward, while the column density ratio of HCO+/CO is mostly in the range of ∼10−5–10−4. We derived the HCO+ abundance in the warm CO-rich layer, where HCO+ is expected to be the dominant molecular ion. At R ≳ 100 au, the HCO+ abundance is ∼3 × 10−11 − 3 × 10−10, which is consistent with a template disk model with X-ray ionization. At the smaller radii, the abundance decreases inward, which indicates that the ionization degree is lower in denser gas, especially inside the CO snow line, where the CO-rich layer is in the midplane. Comparison of template disk models with the column densities of HCO+, N2H+, and N2D+ indicates that the midplane ionization rate is ≳10−18 s−1 for the disks around IM Lup, AS 209, and HD 163296. We also find hints of an increased HCO+ abundance around the location of dust continuum gaps in AS 209, HD 163296, and MWC 480. This paper is part of the MAPS special issue of the Astrophysical Journal Supplement.
Metadata
Item Type: | Article |
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Authors/Creators: |
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Copyright, Publisher and Additional Information: | © 2021. The American Astronomical Society. All rights reserved. This is an author-created, un-copyedited version of an article published in Astrophysical Journal Supplement. IOP Publishing Ltd is not responsible for any errors or omissions in this version of the manuscript or any version derived from it. The Version of Record is available online at https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4365/ac143c |
Dates: |
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Institution: | The University of Leeds |
Academic Units: | The University of Leeds > Faculty of Engineering & Physical Sciences (Leeds) > School of Physics and Astronomy (Leeds) > Astrophysics (Leeds) |
Funding Information: | Funder Grant number STFC (Science and Technology Facilities Council) ST/R000549/1 STFC (Science and Technology Facilities Council) ST/T000287/1 MRC (Medical Research Council) MR/T040726/1 |
Depositing User: | Symplectic Publications |
Date Deposited: | 12 Nov 2021 10:12 |
Last Modified: | 01 Nov 2022 01:14 |
Status: | Published |
Publisher: | IOP Publishing |
Identification Number: | 10.3847/1538-4365/ac143c |
Open Archives Initiative ID (OAI ID): | oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:180185 |