Zhang, K, Booth, AS, Law, CJ et al. (32 more authors) (2021) Molecules with ALMA at Planet-forming Scales (MAPS). V. CO Gas Distributions. The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, 257 (1). 5. ISSN 0067-0049
Abstract
Here we present high-resolution (15–24 au) observations of CO isotopologue lines from the Molecules with ALMA on Planet-forming Scales (MAPS) ALMA Large Program. Our analysis employs observations of the (J = 2–1) and (1–0) lines of 13CO and C18O and the (J = 1–0) line of C17O for five protoplanetary disks. We retrieve CO gas density distributions, using three independent methods: (1) a thermochemical modeling framework based on the CO data, the broadband spectral energy distribution, and the millimeter continuum emission; (2) an empirical temperature distribution based on optically thick CO lines; and (3) a direct fit to the C17O hyperfine lines. Results from these methods generally show excellent agreement. The CO gas column density profiles of the five disks show significant variations in the absolute value and the radial shape. Assuming a gas-to-dust mass ratio of 100, all five disks have a global CO-to-H2 abundance 10–100 times lower than the interstellar medium ratio. The CO gas distributions between 150 and 400 au match well with models of viscous disks, supporting the long-standing theory. CO gas gaps appear to be correlated with continuum gap locations, but some deep continuum gaps do not have corresponding CO gaps. The relative depths of CO and dust gaps are generally consistent with predictions of planet–disk interactions, but some CO gaps are 5–10 times shallower than predictions based on dust gaps. This paper is part of the MAPS special issue of the Astrophysical Journal Supplement.
Metadata
Item Type: | Article |
---|---|
Authors/Creators: |
|
Copyright, Publisher and Additional Information: | © 2021. The American Astronomical Society. All rights reserved. This is an author-created, un-copyedited version of an article published in Astrophysical Journal Supplement. IOP Publishing Ltd is not responsible for any errors or omissions in this version of the manuscript or any version derived from it. The Version of Record is available online at https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4365/ac1580 |
Dates: |
|
Institution: | The University of Leeds |
Academic Units: | The University of Leeds > Faculty of Engineering & Physical Sciences (Leeds) > School of Physics and Astronomy (Leeds) > Astrophysics (Leeds) |
Funding Information: | Funder Grant number STFC (Science and Technology Facilities Council) ST/R000549/1 STFC (Science and Technology Facilities Council) ST/T000287/1 MRC (Medical Research Council) MR/T040726/1 |
Depositing User: | Symplectic Publications |
Date Deposited: | 11 Nov 2021 14:48 |
Last Modified: | 01 Nov 2022 01:14 |
Status: | Published |
Publisher: | IOP Publishing |
Identification Number: | 10.3847/1538-4365/ac1580 |
Open Archives Initiative ID (OAI ID): | oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:180174 |