Mealtime difficulties in adults with mental health conditions: an integrative review

Background

Dysphagia and choking are highly prevalent in adults with mental health conditions. However, there is scant research considering the personal experience of dysphagia for this population.

Aims

To understand the evidence-base for strategies to involve the patient in recognition, assessment and treatment of mealtime difficulties

Methods

This integrative review synthesised the literature on the experience of dysphagia in patients with mental health conditions. Patient consultation led to co-designed search terms and eligibility criteria for a systematic search of five scientific databases following Prisma guidance. Quality assessment of the eligible studies and reflexive thematic analysis were completed.

Results

31 studies were included for review. These included case reports, literature reviews and cross-sectional studies. Quality of evidence was weak and no intervention studies were identified. There was scant detail regarding the personal experience of dysphagia or choking. Themes identified related to biomedical perspectives, influencing factors presented without context, and decision-making led by clinicians.

Conclusions

Guidance on mental healthcare calls attention to under-diagnosis of physical co-morbidities and advocates patient inclusion. However, the patient voice in this population is rarely described regarding dysphagia. Further inclusive research is indicated to explore the impact of dysphagia and choking, and implications for interventions and outcome measures