Liu, Y orcid.org/0000-0002-9367-3532, Chen, H orcid.org/0000-0003-0753-7735, Gao, J et al. (5 more authors) (2021) Comparative analysis of non-exhaust airborne particles from electric and internal combustion engine vehicles. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 420. 126626. ISSN 0304-3894
Abstract
This paper evaluates the effect of the electrification of the small, medium, and large internal combustion engine (ICE) passenger cars on the levels of total particulate matter (PM). The total mean PM10 and PM2.5 emission factors (EFs) on urban, rural, and motorway roads are in the range of 26.13 − 39.57 mg km−1 veh−1 and 13.39 − 18.44 mg km−1 veh−1, respectively, from small to large ICE passenger cars. Correspondingly, the total mean PM10 and PM2.5 non-exhaust EFs on urban, rural, and motorway roads range from 27.76 to 43.43 mg km−1 veh−1 and 13.17 –19.24 mg km−1 veh−1 from equivalent small to large electric vehicles (EVs) without regenerative braking. These results show that the total non-exhaust PM from the equivalent EVs may exceed all PM from ICE passenger cars, including exhaust particle emissions, which are dependent mainly on the extent of regenerative braking, followed by passenger car type and road type. PM10 EFs for equivalent EVs without regenerative braking on urban, rural, and motorway roads are all higher than those from ICE cars. As for PM2.5, most of the equivalent EVs require different extents of regenerative braking to reduce brake emissions to be in line with all particle emissions from relative ICE cars.
Metadata
Item Type: | Article |
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Authors/Creators: |
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Copyright, Publisher and Additional Information: | © 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0) |
Keywords: | Particulate matter; Non-exhaust emission; Electric vehicle; Regenerative braking; Internal combustion engine passenger cars |
Dates: |
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Institution: | The University of Leeds |
Academic Units: | The University of Leeds > Faculty of Environment (Leeds) > Institute for Transport Studies (Leeds) > ITS: Spatial Modelling and Dynamics (Leeds) |
Funding Information: | Funder Grant number EU - European Union 769926 EU - European Union 815189 |
Depositing User: | Symplectic Publications |
Date Deposited: | 21 Oct 2021 12:03 |
Last Modified: | 21 Oct 2021 12:03 |
Status: | Published |
Publisher: | Elsevier |
Identification Number: | 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126626 |
Related URLs: | |
Open Archives Initiative ID (OAI ID): | oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:179210 |