Two doses of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination induce robust immune responses to emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern

Abstract

The extent to which immune responses to natural infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and immunization with vaccines protect against variants of concern (VOC) is of increasing importance. Accordingly, here we analyse antibodies and T cells of a recently vaccinated, UK cohort, alongside those recovering from natural infection in early 2020. We show that neutralization of the VOC compared to a reference isolate of the original circulating lineage, B, is reduced: more profoundly against B.1.351 than for B.1.1.7, and in responses to infection or a single dose of vaccine than to a second dose of vaccine. Importantly, high magnitude T cell responses are generated after two vaccine doses, with the majority of the T cell response directed against epitopes that are conserved between the prototype isolate B and the VOC. Vaccination is required to generate high potency immune responses to protect against these and other emergent variants.

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Item Type:	Article
Authors/Creators:	Skelly, DT Harding, AC Gilbert-Jaramillo, J Knight, ML Longet, S Brown, A Adele, S Adland, E Brown, H Chinnakannan, S Donnison, T Ali, M Rongkard, P Pace, M Zacharopoulou, P Robinson, N Csala, A De Lara, C Hutchings, CL Mehta, H Lee, LN Edmans, M Hackstein, C-P Phalora, P Li, W Phillips, E Malone, T Ogbe, A Jay, C Tipoe, T Tipton, T Stafford, L Mentzer, AJ Johnson, SA Amini, A Marjot, T Dimitriadis, S Simmons, B Deeks, A Kerneis, S Abuelgasim, H Wilson, R Thomas, SR Watson, A Alhussni, A Cutteridge, J Weeks, E Denly, L Lillie, K Holmes, J Matthews, PC O’Donnell, D Tan, TK Schimanski, L Huang, K-YA Rijal, P Turtle, L de Silva, T https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6498-9212 Richter, A Duncan, CJA Payne, RP Moore, SC Knight, JC Cassar, MP Raman, B Neubauer, S Fries, A Talbot, NP Petousi, N Ho, L-P Peng, Y Dong, T Camara, S Marinou, S Linder, A Adlou, S Kasanyinga, M Bridges-Webb, A Hill, J Silva-Reyes, L Blackwell, L Frater, J Goulder, P Conlon, CP Jeffery, K Dold, C Pollard, AJ Sigal, A de Oliveira, T Townsend, AR Klenerman, P Dunachie, SJ Barnes, E Carroll, MW James, WS
Copyright, Publisher and Additional Information:	© 2021 The Authors. This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
Dates:	Published: 17 August 2021 Published (online): 17 August 2021 Accepted: 19 July 2021
Institution:	The University of Sheffield
Academic Units:	The University of Sheffield > Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health (Sheffield)
Funding Information:	Funder Grant number Medical Research Council MR/V027859/1
Depositing User:	Symplectic Sheffield
Date Deposited:	23 Aug 2021 13:08
Last Modified:	23 Aug 2021 13:08
Status:	Published
Publisher:	Springer Nature
Refereed:	Yes
Identification Number:	10.1038/s41467-021-25167-5
Open Archives Initiative ID (OAI ID):	oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:177331

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Two doses of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination induce robust immune responses to emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern

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