Alkarithi, G, Duval, C orcid.org/0000-0002-4870-6542, Shi, Y et al. (2 more authors) (2021) Thrombus Structural Composition in Cardiovascular Disease. Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology, 41 (9). pp. 2370-2383. ISSN 1079-5642
Abstract
Thrombosis is a major complication of cardiovascular disease, leading to myocardial infarction, acute ischemic stroke (AIS), or venous thromboembolism. Thrombosis occurs when a thrombus forms inside blood vessels disrupting blood flow. Developments in thrombectomy to remove thrombi from vessels have provided new opportunities to study thrombus composition which may help to understand mechanisms of disease and underpin improvements in treatments. We aimed to review thrombus compositions, roles of components in thrombus formation and stability, and methods to investigate thrombi. Also, we summarize studies on thrombus structure obtained from cardiovascular patients and animal models. Thrombi are composed of fibrin, red blood cells, platelets, leukocytes, and neutrophil extracellular traps. These components have been analyzed by several techniques, including scanning electron microscopy, laser scanning confocal microscopy, histochemistry, and immunohistochemistry; however, each technique has advantages and limitations. Thrombi are heterogenous in composition, but overall, thrombi obtained from myocardial infarction are composed of mainly fibrin and other components, including platelets, red blood cells, leukocytes, and cholesterol crystals. Thrombi from patients with acute ischemic stroke are characterized by red blood cell- and platelet-rich regions. Thrombi from patients with venous thromboembolism contain mainly red blood cells and fibrin with some platelets and leukocytes. Thrombus composition from patients with myocardial infarction is influenced by ischemic time. Animal thrombosis models are crucial to gain further mechanistic information about thrombosis and thrombus structure, with thrombi being similar in composition compared with those from patients. Further studies on thrombus composition and function are key to improve treatment and clinical outcome of thrombosis.
Metadata
Item Type: | Article |
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Authors/Creators: |
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Copyright, Publisher and Additional Information: | © 2021 The Authors. Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology is published on behalf of the American Heart Association, Inc., by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided that the original work is properly cited. |
Keywords: | blood vessels; cardiovascular diseases; myocardial infarction; thrombectomy; thrombosis |
Dates: |
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Institution: | The University of Leeds |
Academic Units: | The University of Leeds > Faculty of Medicine and Health (Leeds) > School of Medicine (Leeds) > Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine (LICAMM) > Discovery & Translational Science Dept (Leeds) |
Funding Information: | Funder Grant number British Heart Foundation RG/13/3/30104 |
Depositing User: | Symplectic Publications |
Date Deposited: | 19 Jul 2021 08:49 |
Last Modified: | 25 Jun 2023 22:43 |
Status: | Published |
Publisher: | Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins |
Identification Number: | 10.1161/atvbaha.120.315754 |
Open Archives Initiative ID (OAI ID): | oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:176290 |