Williams, C.C. orcid.org/0000-0002-3610-1933 and Gashi, A. (2022) Evaluating the wage differential between the formal and informal economy: a gender perspective. Journal of Economic Studies, 49 (4). pp. 735-750. ISSN 0144-3585
Abstract
Purpose Despite a widespread assertion that wages are lower in the informal than formal economy, there have been few empirical evaluations of whether this is the case and even fewer studies of the gender variations in wage rates in the formal and informal economies. Consequently, whether there are wage benefits to formal employment for men and women is unknown. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the wage differential between formal and informal employment for men and women.
Design/methodology/approach To evaluate the wage differential between the formal and informal economy for men and women, data are reported from a 2017 survey involving 8,533 household interviews conducted in Kosovo.
Findings Using decomposition analysis and after controlling for other determinants of wage differentials, the finding is that the net hourly earnings of men in formal employment are 26% higher than men in informal employment and 14% higher for women in formal employment compared with women in informal employment.
Practical implications Given the size of the wage differential, the costs for employers will need to significantly increase in terms of the penalties and risks of detection if informal employment is to be prevented, along with more formal employment opportunities using active labour market policies for vulnerable groups, perhaps targeted at men (who constitute 82.8% of those in informal employment).
Originality/value This is one of the first studies to evaluate the differentials in wage rates in the formal and economy from a gender perspective.
Metadata
Item Type: | Article |
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Authors/Creators: |
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Copyright, Publisher and Additional Information: | © 2021 Emerald Publishing Limited. This is an author-produced version of a paper subsequently published in Journal of Economic Studies. This version is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial Licence (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. You may not use the material for commercial purposes. |
Keywords: | informal economy; gender inequality; wage gap; public policy; Kosovo |
Dates: |
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Institution: | The University of Sheffield |
Academic Units: | The University of Sheffield > Faculty of Social Sciences (Sheffield) > Management School (Sheffield) |
Depositing User: | Symplectic Sheffield |
Date Deposited: | 20 May 2021 09:29 |
Last Modified: | 27 May 2022 06:48 |
Status: | Published |
Publisher: | Emerald |
Refereed: | Yes |
Identification Number: | 10.1108/JES-01-2021-0019 |
Open Archives Initiative ID (OAI ID): | oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:173970 |
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