Liu, Y orcid.org/0000-0002-9367-3532, Song, C, Lv, G et al. (3 more authors) (2018) Determination of the attractive force, adhesive force, adhesion energy and Hamaker constant of soot particles generated from a premixed methane/oxygen flame by AFM. Applied Surface Science, 433. pp. 450-457. ISSN 0169-4332
Abstract
Atomic force microscopy (AFM) was used to characterize the attractive force, adhesive force and adhesion energy between an AFM probe tip and nanometric soot particle generated by a premixed methane/oxygen flame. Different attractive force distributions were found when increasing the height above burner (HAB), with forces ranging from 1.1–3.5 nN. As the HAB was increased, the average attractive force initially increased, briefly decreased, and then underwent a gradual increase, with a maximum of 2.54 nN observed at HAB = 25 mm. The mean adhesive force was 6.5–7.5 times greater than the mean attractive force at the same HAB, and values were in the range of 13.5–24.5 nN. The adhesion energy was in the range of 2.0–5.6 × 10−17 J. The variations observed in the average adhesion energy with increasing HAB were different from those of the average adhesion force, implying that the stretched length of soot particles is an important factor affecting the average adhesion energy. The Hamaker constants of the soot particles generated at different HABs were determined from AFM force-separation curves. The average Hamaker constant exhibited a clear correlation with the graphitization degree of soot particles as obtained from Raman spectroscopy.
Metadata
Item Type: | Article |
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Authors/Creators: |
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Copyright, Publisher and Additional Information: | © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. This is an author produced version of an article published in Applied Surface Science. Uploaded in accordance with the publisher's self-archiving policy. |
Keywords: | Soot particle; Atomic force microscopy; Attractive force; Adhesive force; Adhesion energy; Hamaker constant |
Dates: |
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Institution: | The University of Leeds |
Academic Units: | The University of Leeds > Faculty of Environment (Leeds) > Institute for Transport Studies (Leeds) > ITS: Spatial Modelling and Dynamics (Leeds) |
Depositing User: | Symplectic Publications |
Date Deposited: | 01 Apr 2021 10:27 |
Last Modified: | 25 Jun 2023 22:37 |
Status: | Published |
Publisher: | Elsevier |
Identification Number: | 10.1016/j.apsusc.2017.10.030 |
Related URLs: | |
Open Archives Initiative ID (OAI ID): | oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:172715 |