STEPFORWARD study: a randomised controlled feasibility trial of a self-aligning prosthetic ankle-foot for older patients with vascular-related amputations

ABSTRACT Objectives To determine the feasibility of conducting a full-scale randomised controlled trial (RCT) of the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of a self-aligning prosthetic ankle-foot compared with a standard prosthetic ankle-foot. Design Multicentre parallel group feasibility RCT. Setting Five prosthetics centres in England recruiting from July 2018 to August 2019. Participants Adults aged ≥50 years with a vascularrelated or non-traumatic transtibial amputation for 1 year or longer, categorised as having ‘limited community mobility’ and using a non-self-aligning ankle-foot. Intervention Participants were randomised into one of two groups for 12 weeks: self-aligning prosthetic ankle-foot or existing non-self-aligning prosthetic ankle-foot. Outcomes Feasibility measures: recruitment, consent and retention rates; and completeness of questionnaire and clinical assessment datasets across multiple time points. Feasibility of collecting daily activity data with wearable technology and health resource use data with a bespoke questionnaire. Results Fifty-five participants were randomised (61% of the target 90 participants): n=27 self-aligning anklefoot group, n=28 non-self-aligning ankle-foot group. Fifty-one participants were included in the final analysis (71% of the target number of participants). The consent rate and retention at final follow-up were 86% and 93%, respectively. The average recruitment rate was 1.25 participants/site/month (95%CI 0.39 to 2.1). Completeness of questionnaires ranged from 89%–94%, and clinical assessments were 92%–95%, including the activity monitor data. The average completion rates for the EQ-5D5L and bespoke resource use questionnaire were 93% and 63%, respectively. Conclusions This feasibility trial recruited and retained participants who were categorised as having ‘limited community mobility’ following a transtibial amputation. The high retention rate of 93% indicated the trial was acceptable to participants and feasible to deliver as a full-scale RCT. The findings support a future, fully powered evaluation of the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of a self-aligning prosthetic ankle-foot compared with a standard non-self-aligning version with some adjustments to the trial design and delivery.