Mitoma, H., Manto, M. and Hadjivassiliou, M. orcid.org/0000-0003-2542-8954 (2021) Immune-mediated cerebellar ataxias : clinical diagnosis and treatment based on immunological and physiological mechanisms. Journal of Movement Disorders, 14 (1). pp. 10-28. ISSN 2005-940X
Abstract
Since the first description of immune-mediated cerebellar ataxias (IMCAs) by Charcot in 1868, several milestones have been reached in our understanding of this group of neurological disorders. IMCAs have diverse etiologies, such as gluten ataxia, postinfectious cerebellitis, paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration, opsoclonus myoclonus syndrome, anti-GAD ataxia, and primary autoimmune cerebellar ataxia. The cerebellum, a vulnerable autoimmune target of the nervous system, has remarkable capacities (collectively known as the cerebellar reserve, closely linked to plasticity) to compensate and restore function following various pathological insults. Therefore, good prognosis is expected when immune-mediated therapeutic interventions are delivered during early stages when the cerebellar reserve can be preserved. However, some types of IMCAs show poor responses to immunotherapies, even if such therapies are introduced at an early stage. Thus, further research is needed to enhance our understanding of the autoimmune mechanisms underlying IMCAs, as such research could potentially lead to the development of more effective immunotherapies. We underscore the need to pursue the identification of robust biomarkers.
Metadata
Item Type: | Article |
---|---|
Authors/Creators: |
|
Copyright, Publisher and Additional Information: | © 2021 The Korean Movement Disorder Society. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
Keywords: | Anti-GAD ataxia; Gluten ataxia; Immune-mediated cerebellar ataxias; Opsoclonus myoclonus syndrome; Paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration; Postinfectious cerebellitis |
Dates: |
|
Institution: | The University of Sheffield |
Academic Units: | The University of Sheffield > Sheffield Teaching Hospitals |
Depositing User: | Symplectic Sheffield |
Date Deposited: | 24 Mar 2021 08:16 |
Last Modified: | 24 Mar 2021 11:06 |
Status: | Published |
Publisher: | The Korean Movement Disorder Society |
Refereed: | Yes |
Identification Number: | 10.14802/jmd.20040 |
Related URLs: | |
Open Archives Initiative ID (OAI ID): | oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:172413 |