Joshi, Rutambhara, Liu, Dantong, Nemitz, Eiko et al. (15 more authors) (2021) Direct measurements of black carbon fluxes in central Beijing using the eddy covariance method. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. pp. 147-162. ISSN 1680-7324
Abstract
Black carbon (BC) forms an important component of particulate matter globally, due to its impact on climate, the environment and human health. Identifying and quantifying its emission sources are critical for effective policymaking and achieving the desired reduction in air pollution. In this study, we present the first direct measurements of urban BC fluxes using eddy covariance. The measurements were made over Beijing within the UK-China Air Pollution and Human Health (APHH) winter 2016 and summer 2017 campaigns. In both seasons, the mean measured BC mass (winter: 5.49 ng m-2 s-1, summer: 6.10 ng m-2 s-1) and number fluxes (winter: 261.25 particles cm-2 s-1, summer: 334.37 particles cm-2 s-1) were similar. Traffic was determined to be the dominant source of the BC fluxes measured during both seasons. The total BC emissions within the 2013 Multi-resolution Emission Inventory for China (MEIC) are on average too high compared to measured fluxes by a factor of 58.8 (winter) and 47.2 (summer). Only a comparison with the MEIC transport sector shows that emissions are also larger (factor of 37.5 in winter and 37.7 in summer) than the measured flux. Emission ratios of BC / NOx and BC / CO are comparable to vehicular emission control standards implemented in January 2017 for gasoline (China 5) and diesel (China V) engines, indicating a reduction of BC emissions within central Beijing, and extending this to a larger area would further reduce total BC concentrations.
Metadata
Item Type: | Article |
---|---|
Authors/Creators: |
|
Copyright, Publisher and Additional Information: | Funding Information: Acknowledgements. Rutambhara Joshi’s PhD was supported by the National Centre of Atmospheric Science (NCAS). The field measurements were supported by the Newton Fund, administered by the UK Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) through the AIR-POLL and AIRPRO projects of the Air Pollution and Human Health in a Chinese Megacity (APHH-Beijing) programme. Funding Information: Financial support. This research has been supported by the © Author(s) 2021 |
Dates: |
|
Institution: | The University of York |
Academic Units: | The University of York > Faculty of Sciences (York) > Chemistry (York) |
Depositing User: | Pure (York) |
Date Deposited: | 10 Mar 2021 17:20 |
Last Modified: | 16 Oct 2024 17:24 |
Published Version: | https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-147-2021 |
Status: | Published |
Refereed: | Yes |
Identification Number: | 10.5194/acp-21-147-2021 |
Related URLs: | |
Open Archives Initiative ID (OAI ID): | oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:172064 |
Download
Filename: acp_21_147_2021.pdf
Description: Direct measurements of black carbon fluxes in central Beijing using the eddy covariance method
Licence: CC-BY 2.5