Webster, R. orcid.org/0000-0002-5136-1098 and Rubin, G.J. (2021) Predicting expectations of side-effects for those which are warned versus not warned about in patient information leaflets. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 55 (12). pp. 1253-1261. ISSN 0883-6612
Abstract
Background Research investigating predictors of side‐effect expectations is disparate and largely based on hypothetical vignettes.
Purpose To carry out a secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial and investigate the predictors of side-effect expectations for side-effects that were, or were not, warned about.
Methods Two hundred and three healthy adults completed measures concerning demographics, psychological factors, baseline symptoms, and medication-related beliefs before reading one of two types of patient information leaflet (PIL) (standard or positively framed PIL) for a sham medication and asking them about their side-effect expectations. Associations between these measures and side-effect expectations whilst controlling for the PIL received were assessed using regression analyses.
Results 82.8% of participants expected side-effects that were warned about in the PIL, and 29.1% expected side-effects that were not warned about. Participants who were younger, from White backgrounds, less optimistic, experienced increased anxiety and received the standard PIL were more likely to expect side-effects that were warned about. Those with higher beliefs about medicine overuse and lower trust in medicine development were more likely to expect side-effects that were not warned about. Higher somatization, baseline symptoms, modern health worries scores, and lower trust in pharmaceutical companies were associated with increased expectations for all side-effects. The results suggest we can not only rely on altering side-effect risk communication to reduce side-effect expectations and therefore nocebo effects. We must also consider patients’ beliefs about trust in medicines. More work is needed to investigate this in a patientsample in which the medication is known to them.
Metadata
Item Type: | Article |
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Authors/Creators: |
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Copyright, Publisher and Additional Information: | © 2021 Society of Behavioral Medicine. This is an author-produced version of a paper subsequently published in Annals of Behavioral Medicine. Uploaded in accordance with the publisher's self-archiving policy. |
Keywords: | side-effects; expectations; predictors; nocebo effect |
Dates: |
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Institution: | The University of Sheffield |
Academic Units: | The University of Sheffield > Faculty of Science (Sheffield) > Department of Psychology (Sheffield) |
Depositing User: | Symplectic Sheffield |
Date Deposited: | 11 Feb 2021 10:53 |
Last Modified: | 03 Apr 2022 00:38 |
Status: | Published |
Publisher: | Oxford University Press (OUP) |
Refereed: | Yes |
Identification Number: | 10.1093/abm/kaab015 |
Open Archives Initiative ID (OAI ID): | oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:170699 |